Exercise is an effective way to improve reproductive function in obese males. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are important pathological factors of obesity-related male infertility. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is associated with obesity and testicular reproductive function. Our study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on testicular oxidative stress, apoptosis and m6A methylation in obese male mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into the four groups: normal diet (ND) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, high-fat diet with moderate-intensity continuous training (HFD-MICT) group and high-fat diet with high-intensity interval training (HFD-HIIT) group. Mice in the HFD-MICT and HFD-HIIT groups were subjected to 8 weeks of MICT or HIIT treadmill protocols after 12 weeks of HFD feeding. We found that MICT and HIIT increased the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 in the testes of obese mice, and HIIT increased it more than MICT. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression and TUNEL-positive cells were consistently up-regulated in the testes of obese mice, but MICT and HIIT restrained these HFD-induced effects. In addition, HFDs increased m6A levels and the gene expression of METTL3, YTHDF2 and FTO in the testes, but these effects were reversed by MICT and HIIT. However, HIIT was more effective than MICT in reducing m6A methylation in the testes of obese mice. These results demonstrate that both MICT and HIIT protected against HFD-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and m6A methylation in testicular tissues; as a result, testicular morphological and functional impairment improved. In particular, HIIT was more beneficial than MICT in increasing the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes and testicular antioxidant capacity and decreasing m6A methylation in the testes of HFD-fed mice.

中文翻译：

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中等强度连续训练和高强度间歇训练对肥胖雄性小鼠睾丸氧化应激、细胞凋亡和 m6A 甲基化的影响

运动是改善肥胖男性生殖功能的有效方法。氧化应激和细胞凋亡是肥胖相关男性不育的重要病理因素。越来越多的研究表明，N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）甲基化与肥胖和睾丸生殖功能有关。我们的研究旨在调查和比较 8 周中等强度连续训练 (MICT) 和高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 对肥胖雄性小鼠睾丸氧化应激、细胞凋亡和 m6A 甲基化的影响。雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为四组：正常饮食（ND）组、高脂饮食（HFD）组、高脂饮食中强度持续训练（HFD-MICT）组和高脂饮食与高强度间歇训练（HFD-HIIT）组。HFD-MICT 和 HFD-HIIT 组的小鼠在 HFD 喂养 12 周后接受了 8 周的 MICT 或 HIIT 跑步机方案。我们发现MICT和HIIT增加了肥胖小鼠睾丸中Nrf2、HO-1和NQO-1的蛋白表达，HIIT增加的幅度大于MICT。Bax/Bcl-2 比率、Cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白表达和 TUNEL 阳性细胞在肥胖小鼠的睾丸中持续上调，但 MICT 和 HIIT 抑制了这些 HFD 诱导的影响。此外，HFDs 增加了 m6A 水平和睾丸中 METTL3、YTHDF2 和 FTO 的基因表达，但这些影响被 MICT 和 HIIT 逆转。然而，HIIT 在减少肥胖小鼠睾丸中的 m6A 甲基化方面比 MICT 更有效。这些结果表明 MICT 和 HIIT 都可以防止 HFD 引起的氧化应激，睾丸组织中的细胞凋亡和 m6A 甲基化；结果，睾丸形态和功能障碍得到改善。特别是，HIIT 比 MICT 更有益于增加类固醇生成酶的 mRNA 表达和睾丸抗氧化能力，并降低 HFD 喂养小鼠睾丸中的 m6A 甲基化。