The main objective of this work is to evaluate the potential utility of an Achillea millefolium extract (yarrow extract, YE) in the control of H. pylori infection. The supercritical anti-solvent fractionation (SAF) process of YE allowed the obtaining of two different fractions: yarrow’s precipitated fraction (YPF), enriched in most polar phenolic compounds (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid), and yarrow’s separator fraction (YSF), enriched in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, mainly containing camphor, artemisia ketone, and borneol. YE was effective in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human gastric AGS cells by 16% to 29%, depending on the H. pylori strain. YPF had the highest inhibitory activity (38–40%) for ROS production. YE modulated the inflammatory response in AGS gastric cells, decreasing IL-8 production by 53% to 64%. This IL-8 inhibition also showed a strain-dependent character. YPF and YSF exhibited similar behavior, reducing IL-8 production, suggesting that both phenolic compounds and essential oils could contribute to IL-8 inhibition. YSF showed the highest antibacterial activity against H. pylori (6.3–7.1 log CFU reduction, depending on the strain) and lower MIC (0.08 mg/mL). Results obtained have shown that YE and SAF fractions (YPF and YSF) were effective as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents regardless of the H. pylori strain characteristics.

中文翻译：

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蓍草提取物及其馏分的抗氧化、抗炎和抗菌性能通过超临界抗溶剂分馏获得的抗幽门螺杆菌

这项工作的主要目的是评估蓍草提取物（蓍草提取物，YE）在控制幽门螺杆菌感染中的潜在效用。YE 的超临界反溶剂分馏 (SAF) 工艺允许获得两种不同的馏分：蓍草沉淀馏分 (YPF)，富含大多数极性酚类化合物（木犀草素-7- O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素和 3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁）酸）和西洋蓍草分离馏分（YSF），富含单萜和倍半萜，主要含有樟脑、蒿酮和冰片。YE 可有效减少人胃 AGS 细胞中的活性氧 (ROS) 产生 16% 至 29%，具体取决于幽门螺杆菌拉紧。YPF 对 ROS 产生具有最高的抑制活性 (38-40%)。YE 调节 AGS 胃细胞的炎症反应，将 IL-8 的产生降低 53% 至 64%。这种 IL-8 抑制也显示出菌株依赖性特征。YPF 和 YSF 表现出相似的行为，减少了 IL-8 的产生，这表明酚类化合物和精油都可能有助于抑制 IL-8。YSF 对幽门螺杆菌的抗菌活性最高（6.3-7.1 log CFU 减少，取决于菌株）和较低的 MIC（0.08 mg/mL）。获得的结果表明，无论H. pylori菌株特征如何，YE 和 SAF 级分（YPF 和 YSF）作为抗氧化剂、抗炎剂和抗菌剂都是有效的。