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Novel shaker bottle cultivation method for the long spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum; Philippi, 1845) results in high larval survival and settlement rates
Aquaculture ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738855
Tom Wijers, Alwin Hylkema, Aaron R. Pilnick, Albertinka J. Murk, Joshua T. Patterson

The long spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum was an abundant grazer on Caribbean coral reefs, until 1983–1984, when densities were reduced by ∼98% during a region wide die-off. Since then, there has been very little natural recovery of the species and interest is growing in applying aquaculture as a tool for population enhancement. In this study we optimized a new shaker bottle cultivation method for D. antillarum. The method was tested in a series of experiments by culturing D. antillarum from egg to juvenile in the Netherlands as well as the USA. Larvae were cultured in standard 1-L glass reagent bottles, suspended by gentle constant movement on an orbital shaking table and fed with either the microalgae Rhodomonas lens or Rhodomonas salina. Effects on larval growth and survival were evaluated for different microalgal feeding concentrations, larval densities, and culture temperatures. Larval density and growth were measured twice a week over a period of up to 56 days.

Larvae grew significantly faster on a higher feeding concentration up to 90,000 Rhodomonas sp. cells mL−1, twice weekly, compared to 30,000 and 60,000 cells mL−1. A density of 1 larvae mL−1 resulted in the highest body size and survival compared to densities of 2 or 4 larvae mL−1. Overall survival from larva to settled juvenile urchin increased from 8 to 10% settlement to 32–33% when the initial density was lowered further from 1.2 to 0.4 larvae mL−1. Growth, survival, competency and settlement did not differ between larval cultures kept at 25 °C or 28 °C.

We believe that this novel method for culturing D. antillarum larvae, once scaled-up and validated to pilot scale, could provide juveniles for restocking of urchin-depleted reefs that suffer from algae overgrowth.



中文翻译:

长刺海胆(Diadema antillarum;Philippi,1845 年)的新型摇瓶培养方法可提高幼体存活率和沉降率

长刺海胆Diadema antillarum是加勒比珊瑚礁上丰富的食草动物,直到 1983 年至 1984 年,在整个区域的死亡期间密度降低了约 98%。从那时起,该物种几乎没有自然恢复,并且人们越来越关注将水产养殖作为增加种群的工具。在这项研究中,我们优化了一种新的摇瓶培养方法来培养D. antillarum。该方法在荷兰和美国通过从卵到幼体培养D. antillarum的一系列实验中进行了测试。将幼虫培养在标准的 1-L 玻璃试剂瓶中,通过在轨道振动台上轻轻持续运动将其悬浮,并用微藻Rhodomonas lens盐生红单胞菌。评估了不同微藻喂养浓度、幼虫密度和培养温度对幼虫生长和存活的影响。在长达 56 天的时间内每周测量两次幼虫密度和生长。

在高达 90,000 Rhodomonas sp. 的较高喂养浓度下,幼虫的生长速度明显加快。细胞 mL -1,每周两次,与 30,000 和 60,000 个细胞 mL -1相比。与 2 或 4 只幼虫 mL -1的密度相比,1 只幼虫 mL -1的密度导致最高的体型和存活率。当初始密度从 1.2 到 0.4 幼虫 mL -1进一步降低时,从幼虫到定居的幼海胆的总存活率从 8% 到 10% 提高到 32-33% 。保持在 25°C 或 28°C 的幼虫培养物的生长、存活、能力和沉降没有差异。

我们相信,这种培养D. antillarum幼虫的新方法,一旦扩大规模并验证到中试规模,就可以为因藻类过度生长而导致海胆枯竭的珊瑚礁重新放养幼体。

更新日期:2022-09-20
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