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Video Source Characterization Using Encoding and Encapsulation Characteristics
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 , DOI: 10.1109/tifs.2022.3204210
Enes Altinisik, Hüsrev Taha Sencar, Diram Tabaa

We introduce the use of video coding settings for source identification and propose a new approach that incorporates encoding and encapsulation aspects of a video. To this end, a joint representation of the overall file metadata is developed and used in conjunction with a two-level hierarchical classification method. At the first level, our method groups videos into metaclasses considering several abstractions that represent high-level structural properties of file metadata. This is followed by a more nuanced classification of classes that comprise each metaclass. The method is evaluated on more than 20K videos obtained by combining four public video datasets. Tests show that a balanced accuracy of 91% is achieved in correctly identifying the class of a video among 119 video classes. This corresponds to an improvement of 6.5% over the conventional approach based on video file encapsulation characteristics. Analysis performed on a large, unlabeled video set also confirmed the aptness of our approach. To further demonstrate the versatility of encoding parameters, we consider attribution of partial video files where file metadata is not available. Our results show that, even in this limited setting that is intrinsic to forensic file recovery, an identification accuracy of 57% can be achieved through the use of a subset of encoding parameters estimated from coded video data.

中文翻译:

使用编码和封装特性的视频源表征

我们介绍了使用视频编码设置进行源识别,并提出了一种结合视频编码和封装方面的新方法。为此,开发了整体文件元数据的联合表示,并与两级分层分类方法结合使用。在第一层,我们的方法将视频分组到元类中,考虑代表文件元数据的高级结构属性的几个抽象。接下来是包含每个元类的更细微的类分类。该方法在通过组合四个公共视频数据集获得的超过 20K 视频上进行评估。测试表明,在 119 个视频类别中正确识别视频类别的平衡准确率达到了 91%。这对应于 6 的改进。基于视频文件封装特性,比传统方法高出 5%。对大型未标记视频集进行的分析也证实了我们方法的适用性。为了进一步证明编码参数的多功能性,我们考虑了文件元数据不可用的部分视频文件的归属。我们的结果表明,即使在这种取证文件恢复所固有的有限设置中,通过使用从编码视频数据估计的编码参数子集,也可以实现 57% 的识别准确率。
更新日期:2022-09-05
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