We describe the application of 2D ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) surveys to investigate the spatial complexity of fluvial deposits of the Wisła River valley in the eastern part of Kraków (southern Poland). All ERT survey lines were completed within the industrially influenced floodplain of the Wisła River at two research sites. Due to the transformation of the natural state of the environment through many years of industrial activity of the ArcelorMittal Kraków plant, some of the geomorphological elements analysed have been irretrievably transformed and hidden by anthropogenic accumulations such as waste landfills and engineering structures. Hence, many years of soil contamination have changed the primary resistivity characteristics of the subsurface. For this purpose, the measurement array applied combines standard arrays, i.e., Wenner-Schlumberger and Dipole-Dipole, which gave improved results (higher resolution) in comparison to the standard single array. The data interpretation method was supported by the calculation and visualization of the vertical and horizontal gradients of the interpreted resistivity within the resistivity sections. This approach allowed accurate determination of resistivity boundaries on the ERT resistivity sections and thus helped lithological interpretation of the fluvial deposits in the research area. The resistivity of water in a channel located within one of the analysed areas has impacted some of the research results. Furthermore, 2D ERT forward modeling was implemented to generate synthetic datasets. The synthetic data allowed investigation of the influence of groundwater contamination on the resistivity distribution within superficial layers, and also tested the ability of the 2D ERT model to recognize the detailed spatial distribution of palaeomeander (meander scar) infills. All methods have provided new information on the industrially influenced floodplain of the Wisła River in Kraków.

我们描述了应用 2D ERT（电阻率断层扫描）调查来研究克拉科夫东部（波兰南部）维斯瓦河谷河流沉积物的空间复杂性。所有 ERT 测量线均在受工业影响的维斯瓦河洪泛区的两个研究地点完成。由于安赛乐米塔尔克拉科夫工厂多年的工业活动对环境的自然状态进行了转变，所分析的一些地貌要素已被垃圾填埋场和工程结构等人为堆积物不可挽回地改变和隐藏。因此，多年的土壤污染已经改变了地下的主要电阻率特性。为此，所应用的测量阵列结合了标准阵列，即 Wenner-Schlumberger 和 Dipole-Dipole，与标准单阵列相比，它提供了改进的结果（更高的分辨率）。数据解释方法得到了电阻率剖面内解释电阻率的垂直和水平梯度的计算和可视化的支持。这种方法可以准确确定 ERT 电阻率剖面上的电阻率边界，从而有助于对研究区河流沉积物进行岩性解释。位于分析区域之一内的通道中水的电阻率影响了一些研究结果。此外，实施了 2D ERT 正向建模以生成合成数据集。合成数据允许调查地下水污染对表层内电阻率分布的影响，并测试了 2D ERT 模型识别古河曲（曲折疤痕）填充物的详细空间分布的能力。所有方法都提供了有关克拉科夫维斯瓦河受工业影响的洪泛区的新信息。