Membrane separation has been widely used in water and wastewater treatment due to its relatively low cost, easy operation and high efficiency. However, current membranes suffer from a trade-off between selectivity and permeability as well as membrane fouling. Recently, numerous studies have focused on the development of carbon nanomaterial (typically, carbon nanotube and graphene)-based membranes with high performance for water and wastewater treatment. Many studies have demonstrated that benefiting from the good electrical conductivity of carbon nanomaterial-based membranes, their permselectivity and fouling resistance can be further improved under electrochemical assistance. Herein, we review the recent progress in the preparation, mechanisms and applications of electroconductive nanocarbonaceous membranes for water purification and wastewater treatment, aiming at improving the fundamental understanding of the combination of membrane separation and electrochemistry. Firstly, we summarize the recent methods for the preparation of some typical electroconductive membranes, for example, carbon nanotube membranes and graphene membranes. Subsequently, we discuss the underlying mechanisms (e.g., electro-oxidation, electro-adsorption, and electrostatic interactions) for the electrochemically enhanced permselectivity, antifouling and regeneration performance, and finally highlight the practical limitations of membrane/electrochemistry systems and outline possible solutions.

中文翻译：

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电化学辅助下用于水和废水处理的碳纳米材料基膜

膜分离以其成本相对较低、操作简便、效率高等优点在水和废水处理中得到了广泛的应用。然而，目前的膜在选择性和渗透性以及膜污染之间存在权衡。最近，许多研究集中在开发基于碳纳米材料（通常是碳纳米管和石墨烯）的高性能水和废水处理膜。许多研究表明，受益于碳纳米材料基膜良好的导电性，在电化学辅助下可以进一步提高其选择性和耐污染性。在此，我们回顾一下近期的筹备进展，导电纳米碳膜在水净化和废水处理中的机理和应用，旨在提高对膜分离和电化学结合的基本理解。首先，我们总结了目前一些典型导电膜的制备方法，例如碳纳米管膜和石墨烯膜。随后，我们讨论了潜在的机制（例如，电氧化、电吸附和静电相互作用）以电化学方式增强选择性渗透性、防污和再生性能，最后强调膜/电化学系统的实际局限性并概述可能的解决方案。