This work describes the nonlinear Thomson effect produced by a transient current source powering a thermoelectric cooler. The electric effect of the capacitive impedance in the semiconductors was considered in the equations as a novelty term that naturally appears by solving the Boltzmann equation to find the mathematical form of the current density. Thus, considering the new term and heath energy balances, a one-dimensional mathematical model for a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) powered by a time-dependent current was developed, finding a new nonlinear Thomson effect in the heath transfer equations. To evaluate the impact of the nonlinear effect on the thermodynamic behavior of the thermoelectric cooler, a continuous, sinusoidal and square-pulse current conditions were simulated. The temperature profile, temporal evolution, and the effective coefficient of performance (COP) were calculated. The results revealed a new thermoelectric heat transfer in addition to the Thomson flow created by virtual junctions throughout the semiconductors caused by the instantaneous change of current. This fact was evidenced by three results: the shifting of the temperature mean value due to the peak current change 0.45 A is 1.68 K 1.68\hspace{0.1667em}\mathrm{K} and 2.56 K 2.56\hspace{0.1667em}\mathrm{K} to sinusoidal and square current supplies, respectively; it was determined that a TEC powered by a square-pulse current signal had greater effective efficacy, having more pronounced cold side supercooling temperature peaks compared to those powered by a constant sinusoidal current signal.

中文翻译：

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改变热电冷却器中电流产生的非线性汤姆逊效应研究

这项工作描述了由为热电冷却器供电的瞬态电流源产生的非线性汤姆逊效应。半导体中电容阻抗的电效应在方程中被认为是一个新颖的术语，通过求解玻尔兹曼方程以找到电流密度的数学形式自然出现。因此，考虑到新项和健康能量平衡，开发了由时间相关电流驱动的热电冷却器 (TEC) 的一维数学模型，在健康传递方程中发现了新的非线性汤姆逊效应。为了评估非线性效应对热电冷却器热力学行为的影响，模拟了连续、正弦和方脉冲电流条件。温度分布，时间演变，并计算了有效性能系数（COP）。结果揭示了一种新的热电传热，除了由电流的瞬时变化引起的整个半导体的虚拟结产生的汤姆逊流之外。三个结果证明了这一事实：由于峰值电流变化 0.45 A 引起的温度平均值的偏移是 1.68 ķ 1.68\hspace{0.1667em}\mathrm{K} 和 2.56 ķ 2.56\hspace{0.1667em}\mathrm{K} 分别为正弦和方波电流源；经确定，由方脉冲电流信号供电的 TEC 具有更大的有效功效，与由恒定正弦电流信号供电的 TEC 相比，具有更明显的冷侧过冷温度峰值。