The outbreak of monkeypox in May and June 2022 is the largest outside of central and western Africa since the 2003 outbreak in the United States. Monkeypox, like smallpox, is caused by an orthopoxvirus, though its clinical manifestations tend to be less severe. It is characterized by a prodromal flu-like illness with lymphadenopathy followed by a centrifugally spreading rash, sometimes involving the face, palms, soles, and oral mucosa. Although the vast majority of cases resolve with symptomatic management, a small number of patients can suffer severe outcomes including, but not limited to, secondary bacterial skin infections, pneumonitis, ocular sequelae, encephalitis, hypovolemia, and death. Local, state, and federal health authorities should be involved in the care of people under investigation for this illness. With confirmed cases worldwide and the possibility of community spread, emergency clinicians need to be aware of the manifestations and management of this disease, both to treat those with the disease as well as to provide education to those exposed and at risk of infection.

2022 年 5 月和 2022 年 6 月爆发的猴痘是自 2003 年美国爆发以来中非和西部非洲以外最大的一次。猴痘与天花一样，是由正痘病毒引起的，但其临床表现往往不太严重。它的特征是前驱流感样疾病伴有淋巴结肿大，随后出现离心扩散的皮疹，有时累及面部、手掌、脚底和口腔粘膜。尽管绝大多数病例通过对症治疗得到解决，但少数患者可能会遭受严重后果，包括但不限于继发性细菌性皮肤感染、肺炎、眼部后遗症、脑炎、低血容量和死亡。地方、州和联邦卫生当局应该参与对正在接受这种疾病调查的人的护理。