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Non-trivial symmetries in quantum landscapes and their resilience to quantum noise
Quantum ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-15 , DOI: 10.22331/q-2022-09-15-804
Enrico Fontana 1, 2, 3 , M. Cerezo 1, 4 , Andrew Arrasmith 1 , Ivan Rungger 5 , Patrick J. Coles 1
Affiliation  

Very little is known about the cost landscape for parametrized Quantum Circuits (PQCs). Nevertheless, PQCs are employed in Quantum Neural Networks and Variational Quantum Algorithms, which may allow for near-term quantum advantage. Such applications require good optimizers to train PQCs. Recent works have focused on quantum-aware optimizers specifically tailored for PQCs. However, ignorance of the cost landscape could hinder progress towards such optimizers. In this work, we analytically prove two results for PQCs: (1) We find an exponentially large symmetry in PQCs, yielding an exponentially large degeneracy of the minima in the cost landscape. Alternatively, this can be cast as an exponential reduction in the volume of relevant hyperparameter space. (2) We study the resilience of the symmetries under noise, and show that while it is conserved under unital noise, non-unital channels can break these symmetries and lift the degeneracy of minima, leading to multiple new local minima. Based on these results, we introduce an optimization method called Symmetry-based Minima Hopping (SYMH), which exploits the underlying symmetries in PQCs. Our numerical simulations show that SYMH improves the overall optimizer performance in the presence of non-unital noise at a level comparable to current hardware. Overall, this work derives large-scale circuit symmetries from local gate transformations, and uses them to construct a noise-aware optimization method.

中文翻译:

量子景观中的非平凡对称性及其对量子噪声的弹性

关于参数化量子电路 (PQC) 的成本情况知之甚少。尽管如此,PQC 被用于量子神经网络和变分量子算法中,这可能会带来近期的量子优势。此类应用程序需要良好的优化器来训练 PQC。最近的工作集中在专门为 PQC 量身定制的量子感知优化器上。然而,对成本环境的无知可能会阻碍此类优化器的进展。在这项工作中,我们分析证明了 PQC 的两个结果:(1)我们发现 PQC 中的对称性呈指数级大,从而在成本环境中产生指数级大的最小值退化。或者,这可以转换为相关超参数空间体积的指数减少。(2) 我们研究对称性在噪声下的弹性,并表明虽然它在单位噪声下是守恒的,但非单位通道可以打破这些对称性并提升最小值的简并性,从而导致多个新的局部最小值。基于这些结果,我们引入了一种称为基于对称的最小跳变 (SYMH) 的优化方法,该方法利用了 PQC 中的潜在对称性。我们的数值模拟表明,SYMH 在存在非单位噪声的情况下将整体优化器性能提高到与当前硬件相当的水平。总体而言,这项工作从局域门变换中推导出大规模电路对称性,并使用它们构建一种噪声感知优化方法。我们引入了一种称为基于对称的最小跳跃(SYMH)的优化方法,它利用了 PQC 中的潜在对称性。我们的数值模拟表明,SYMH 在存在非单位噪声的情况下将整体优化器性能提高到与当前硬件相当的水平。总体而言,这项工作从局域门变换中推导出大规模电路对称性,并使用它们构建一种噪声感知优化方法。我们引入了一种称为基于对称的最小跳跃(SYMH)的优化方法,它利用了 PQC 中的潜在对称性。我们的数值模拟表明,SYMH 在存在非单位噪声的情况下将整体优化器性能提高到与当前硬件相当的水平。总体而言,这项工作从局域门变换中推导出大规模电路对称性,并使用它们构建一种噪声感知优化方法。
更新日期:2022-09-15
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