Electrohydrodynamic atomization or electrospray is a multiphase and multiphysics fluid flow. Uniform distribution of generated droplets after the liquid jet's primary breakup, generation of finer droplets, and more control over determining the droplets' size in the primary breakup are its advantages. By considering the electric field-flow rate diagram, also known as the stability island, the volume of fluid method and the continuous surface force model have been used, respectively, to capture the interface and calculate the surface tension force on the Taylor cone. This study is simulated in OpenFOAM by applying the different electric potentials, various nozzle-collector distances, and different liquid flow rates. The results reveal that increasing the electric potential strength or reducing the nozzle-collector distance leads to more electrical stresses caused by the electric potential gradient on the interface. Surface tension force, gravity, electric polarization stress, viscosity stress, normal electric stress, and tangential electric stress applied to the liquid lead to forming the Taylor cone. Therefore, the liquid is pushed towards the apex of the Taylor cone, the velocity increases near the cone's tip, a liquid jet with a smaller diameter is formed, and the liquid jet is broken into droplets. Raising the Reynolds and Weber numbers increases the polarization force and reduces the surface tension force of the liquid-air interface. For numbers greater than Re = 88 and We = 1, we predict that the surface tension force will behave independently as Re and We increase. The current study stands out for its distinctive generalizability, identification, and conceptualization of additional variables.

中文翻译：

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流体体积法两相流电液动力学雾化和液体喷射一次破碎的 CFD 研究

电流体动力雾化或电喷雾是一种多相和多物理场的流体流动。液体射流初级破碎后产生的液滴分布均匀，产生更细的液滴，以及对确定初级破碎液滴尺寸的更多控制是其优势。通过考虑电场-流量图，也称为稳定岛，分别采用流体体积法和连续表面力模型来捕捉界面并计算泰勒锥上的表面张力。这项研究是在 OpenFOAM 中通过应用不同的电势、不同的喷嘴-收集器距离和不同的液体流速来模拟的。结果表明，增加电势强度或减小喷嘴-收集器距离会导致界面上的电势梯度引起更多的电应力。施加于液体的表面张力、重力、电极化应力、粘性应力、法向电应力和切向电应力导致形成泰勒锥。因此，液体被推向泰勒锥的顶点，在锥尖附近速度增加，形成直径较小的液体射流，液体射流破碎成液滴。提高雷诺数和韦伯数会增加极化力并降低液-气界面的表面张力。对于大于 Re = 88 和 We = 1 的数字，我们预测表面张力将随着 Re 和 We 的增加而独立表现。目前的研究因其独特的普遍性、识别性和对附加变量的概念化而脱颖而出。