The evolutionary success of heat recovery technology plays an important role in global sustainable energy solutions. Low-grade heat (below 200 °C) from solar radiation, industry, and the human body is usually discarded without any recovery effort. The ever-increasing energy crisis has motivated the development of high-performance thermoelectric generators to recover this low-grade heat. Compared to solid-state thermoelectric devices, the newly emerged redox-induced thermocells based on ion transport have provided another cheap, flexible, and scalable way for directly converting thermal energy into electrical energy. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive description of this emerging and promising system in this review. First, the background and underlying fundamentals are provided. The subsequent sections summarize the process regarding their electrolytes, electrode materials, and separators. Thereafter, cell configuration, integrated devices, and their applications such as power supply, temperature sensing, heat removal and recovery, and photothermal seawater desalination are emphasized. Finally, we highlight the future challenges and opportunities for high-performance redox-induced thermocells.

中文翻译：

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用于低品位热量收集的氧化还原诱导热电池：机理、进展及其应用

热回收技术的进化成功在全球可持续能源解决方案中发挥着重要作用。来自太阳辐射、工业和人体的低品位热量（低于 200 °C）通常会在没有任何恢复工作的情况下被丢弃。日益严重的能源危机促使开发高性能热电发电机来回收这种低品位热量。与固态热电器件相比，新出现的基于离子传输的氧化还原诱导热电池为直接将热能转化为电能提供了另一种廉价、灵活、可扩展的方式。因此，我们在本次审查中对这一新兴且有前途的系统进行了全面描述。首先，提供了背景和基本原理。随后的部分总结了有关其电解质、电极材料和隔膜的过程。此后，重点介绍了电池配置、集成器件及其在电源、温度传感、热量去除和回收、光热海水淡化等方面的应用。最后，我们强调了高性能氧化还原诱导热电池的未来挑战和机遇。