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The Cinematic Anthropocene and the Future Politics of Killing
Film-Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-09-14 , DOI: 10.3366/film.2022.0207
Gregers Andersen 1
Affiliation  

How could power “exercise its highest prerogatives by putting people to death, when its main role was to ensure, sustain, and multiply life?” (Foucault, 1976/1978, p. 138). In the first volume of The History of Sexuality (1976) Michel Foucault raises this question only to immediately answer: “One had the right to kill those who represented a kind of biological danger to others” (1978, p. 138). According to Foucault, it is thus the association of certain humans with biological danger that has typically caused “biopolitics” (i.e. politics aiming at ensuring, sustaining, and multiplying life) to mutate into “thanatopolitics” (i.e. politics aiming at killing) (Foucault, 1982/1988, p. 160). Looking at the world today (2022), Foucault’s conclusion seems more dubious. On the one hand, it is undeniable that the coronavirus pandemic unveiled an already existing global paradigm in which governments, in concert with health care systems, continually decide which members of their populations they wish to sustain and which they are willing to let die. But on the other hand, these decisions seem to only slightly mirror the “immunitary logic” at play in, for example, the deaths of thousands of refugees that have drowned in the Mediterranean Sea in the last decade (Esposito 2008/2013, p. 45). Following Italian philosopher Roberto Esposito, I here take immunitary logic to denote “the conservation and the defense of ‘the self’ from what threatens it from the outside” (Esposito 2008/2013, p. 45). Immunitary societies are in this sense “closed and walled off from their outside, opposed and hostile to everything that does not belong to them,” because “community exposes each person to a contact with, and also a contagion by, an other that is potentially dangerous” (2008/2013, p. 43, 49).

中文翻译:

电影人类世与未来的杀戮政治

当权力的主要作用是确保、维持和增加生命时,它怎么能“通过处死人来行使它的最高特权?” (福柯,1976/1978,第 138 页)。在《性史》第一卷(1976) 米歇尔·福柯提出这个问题只是为了立即回答:“一个人有权杀死那些对他人构成某种生物危险的人”(1978 年,第 138 页)。根据福柯的说法,正是某些人类与生物危险的联系通常导致“生命政治”(即旨在确保、维持和增加生命的政治)变异为“死亡政治”(即旨在杀戮的政治)(福柯, 1982/1988, p. 160)。放眼当今世界(2022年),福柯的结论似乎更加可疑。一方面,不可否认的是,冠状病毒大流行揭示了一种已经存在的全球范式,在这种范式中,政府与卫生保健系统一起不断决定他们希望维持哪些人口成员以及他们愿意让哪些人死亡。但另一方面,这些决定似乎只是略微反映了“免疫逻辑”在发挥作用,例如,过去十年在地中海淹死的数千名难民的死亡(Esposito 2008/2013,第 45 页)。继意大利哲学家罗伯托·埃斯波西托之后,我在此采用免疫逻辑来表示“保护和保护‘自我’免受来自外部的威胁”(Esposito 2008/2013,第 45 页)。从这个意义上说,免疫社会是“封闭的,与外界隔绝,反对和敌视不属于他们的一切”,因为“社区使每个人都接触到另一个人,也可能受到另一个人的传染。危险”(2008/2013,第 43、49 页)。过去十年在地中海淹死的数千名难民的死亡(Esposito 2008/2013,第 45 页)。继意大利哲学家罗伯托·埃斯波西托之后,我在此采用免疫逻辑来表示“保护和保护‘自我’免受来自外部的威胁”(Esposito 2008/2013,第 45 页)。从这个意义上说,免疫社会是“封闭的,与外界隔绝,反对和敌视不属于他们的一切”,因为“社区使每个人都接触到另一个人,也可能受到另一个人的传染。危险”(2008/2013,第 43、49 页)。过去十年在地中海淹死的数千名难民的死亡(Esposito 2008/2013,第 45 页)。继意大利哲学家罗伯托·埃斯波西托之后,我在此采用免疫逻辑来表示“保护和保护‘自我’免受来自外部的威胁”(Esposito 2008/2013,第 45 页)。从这个意义上说,免疫社会是“封闭的,与外界隔绝,反对和敌视不属于他们的一切”,因为“社区使每个人都接触到另一个人,也可能受到另一个人的传染。危险”(2008/2013,第 43、49 页)。我在这里采用免疫逻辑来表示“保护和防御‘自我’免受来自外部的威胁”(Esposito 2008/2013,第 45 页)。从这个意义上说,免疫社会是“封闭的,与外界隔绝,反对和敌视不属于他们的一切”,因为“社区使每个人都接触到另一个人,也可能受到另一个人的传染。危险”(2008/2013,第 43、49 页)。我在这里采用免疫逻辑来表示“保护和防御‘自我’免受来自外部的威胁”(Esposito 2008/2013,第 45 页)。从这个意义上说,免疫社会是“封闭的,与外界隔绝,反对和敌视不属于他们的一切”,因为“社区使每个人都接触到另一个人,也可能受到另一个人的传染。危险”(2008/2013,第 43、49 页)。
更新日期:2022-09-14
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