Bothriogenys is an endemic African anthracothere (Mammalia, Artiodactyla), which was first documented at the beginning of the last century by Schmidt in 1913. It is one of the most common genera and species that were unearthed from Early Oligocene deposits of North Africa, like those of the Fayum Depression, Egypt. It has been thought that the genus Bothriogenys probably give rise to the Early Miocene Brachyodus that dispersed to Europe and Asia around 20 million years ago. Here, we describe a complete skull of B. fraasi. The specimen is a nearly complete cranium with right canine, left and right upper first premolar-upper third molar. The new skull has two mesial cristae on the upper premolars, three cristules on the metaconule and the upper fourth premolar has three roots. The main palatine foramina are located at the level of the mesial border of the upper fourth premolar and the internal choanae open well behind the upper molar. The cranial bones and the dentition indicate that Bothriogenys is located at the basal part of the subfamily Bothriodontinae and very close to early Miocene Brachyodus. If so Bothriogenys was likely among the first anthracotheriids to enter Africa. Continued anthracothere development and evolution ultimately gave rise to Early Miocene Brachyodus.

中文翻译：

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埃及法尤姆早期渐新世的完整头骨（哺乳动物、偶蹄目、炭疽科）

Bothriogenys是非洲特有的炭疽动物（哺乳动物，偶蹄目），上世纪初由施密特于 1913 年首次记录。它是北非渐新世早期矿床中最常见的属和种之一，如埃及法尤姆大萧条时期的那些。人们认为，Bothriogenys属可能导致早中新世Brachyodus大约在 2000 万年前分散到欧洲和亚洲。在这里，我们描述了一个完整的B. fraasi头骨. 标本是一个几乎完整的颅骨，带有右犬牙、左右上第一前磨牙和上第三磨牙。新颅骨的上前磨牙有两个近中嵴，后牙上有三个嵴，上第四前磨牙有三个牙根。主腭孔位于上第四前磨牙的近中缘水平，内后孔在上磨牙后方打开。颅骨和牙列表明，Bothriogenys位于Bothriodontinae 亚科的基部，与早期中新世Brachyodus非常接近。如果是这样，Bothriogenys很可能是第一批进入非洲的炭疽动物。持续的炭疽动物的发展和进化最终导致了早中新世 Brachyodus。