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Bio-hydrogen production through dark fermentation: an overview
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-03282-7
Rupal Jain, Narayan Lal Panwar, Sanjay Kumar Jain, Trilok Gupta, Chitranjan Agarwal, Sanwal Singh Meena

Recently, hydrogen gas is becoming the most prominent alternative fuel due to its clean and environment-friendly nature. It only delivers water as a waste product during the operation instead of emitting harmful greenhouse gases. It has a high heating value (142 MJ/kg), over 2.75 times that of other hydrocarbon-based petroleum fuels. Presently, the primary method of producing hydrogen is the steam reforming of fossil fuels, which is not economical and environmentally harmful, and fossil fuels are on the deadline to finish. Hence, alternative methods of hydrogen production are the topic of current research. Biological methods of hydrogen production were found the best for producing green hydrogen because they utilize plentiful available renewable sources as feedstock. The dark fermentation technique is becoming more famous among all biological hydrogen generation methods because of its light autonomous nature and functional ability. It has the facility to convert any type of carbohydrate-rich organic substrates into bio-hydrogen, but pure carbohydrate substances are not economical on a commercial scale. Hence, carbohydrate-rich organic waste can be easily harnessed for bio-hydrogen generation. This method yields hydrogen gas and different high-volatility fatty acids, which could be used for industrial purposes after separation or as a precursor for the bio-methanation process for biogas production. This paper defines mechanism, microbiology, affecting factors, various integration methodologies, and potential and limitations related to the dark fermentation method.

Graphical abstract



中文翻译:

通过黑暗发酵生产生物氢:概述

近年来,氢气由于其清洁和环保的特性,正成为最突出的替代燃料。它仅在运行过程中将水作为废物输送,而不排放有害的温室气体。它具有高热值(142 MJ/kg),是其他烃基石油燃料的 2.75 倍以上。目前,制氢的主要方法是化石燃料的蒸汽重整,既不经济也不对环境有害,化石燃料已接近尾声。因此,制氢的替代方法是当前研究的主题。发现氢气生产的生物方法是生产绿色氢气的最佳方法,因为它们利用大量可用的可再生资源作为原料。暗发酵技术因其光自主性和功能能力而在所有生物制氢方法中越来越有名。它具有将任何类型的富含碳水化合物的有机底物转化为生物氢的能力,但纯碳水化合物物质在商业规模上并不经济。因此,富含碳水化合物的有机废物可以很容易地用于生物制氢。该方法产生氢气和不同的高挥发性脂肪酸,分离后可用于工业用途或作为生物甲烷化工艺生产沼气的前体。本文定义了与暗发酵方法相关的机制、微生物学、影响因素、各种整合方法以及潜力和局限性。

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更新日期:2022-09-12
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