Certain mammalian species are resistant to cancer, and a better understanding of how this cancer resistance arises could provide valuable insights for basic cancer research. Recent technological innovations in molecular biology have allowed the study of cancer-resistant mammals, despite the fact that they are not the classical model animals, which are easily studied using genetic approaches. Naked mole-rats (NMRs; Heterocephalus glaber) are the longest-lived rodent, with a maximum lifespan of more than 37 years, and almost never show spontaneous carcinogenesis. NMRs are currently attracting much attention from aging and cancer researchers, and published studies on NMR have continued to increase over the past decade. Cancer development occurs via multiple steps and involves many biological processes. Recent research on the NMR as a model for cancer resistance suggests that they possess various unique carcinogenesis-resistance mechanisms, including efficient DNA repair pathways, cell-autonomous resistance to transformation, and dampened inflammatory response. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis resistance in NMR, which have been uncovered over the past two decades, and discuss future perspectives.

中文翻译：

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寿命最长的啮齿动物裸鼹鼠的抗癌性

某些哺乳动物物种具有抗癌性，更好地了解这种抗癌性是如何产生的可以为基础癌症研究提供有价值的见解。最近分子生物学的技术创新使抗癌哺乳动物的研究成为可能，尽管它们不是经典的模型动物，使用遗传方法很容易对其进行研究。裸鼹鼠 (NMRs; Heterocephalus glaber) 是最长寿的啮齿类动物，最长寿命超过 37 年，而且几乎从不显示自发癌变。核磁共振目前引起了衰老和癌症研究人员的广泛关注，并且在过去十年中发表的有关核磁共振的研究不断增加。癌症的发展是通过多个步骤发生的，涉及许多生物学过程。最近关于核磁共振作为抗癌模型的研究表明，它们具有各种独特的抗癌机制，包括有效的 DNA 修复途径、细胞自主转化抵抗和抑制炎症反应。在这里，我们总结了过去二十年中发现的核磁共振抗癌性的分子机制，并讨论了未来的前景。