The present study examined the association between help-seeking public stigma and help-seeking self-stigma (i.e., internalization of stigma) and the relative association of both types of stigma with help-seeking attitude and intention using a full-information meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. We also investigated the moderating effect of gender, age, collectivism, and social group in the internalization process. Results from 115 independent samples containing data from 54,793 individuals showed that public stigma of help-seeking was strongly and positively associated with self-stigma of help-seeking. Moreover, after controlling for the effect of each other, self-stigma, but not public stigma, remained significantly associated with help-seeking attitude and help-seeking intention. Gender, age, collectivism, and social group did not significantly moderate the association between public and self-stigma. The findings highlight that people who perceive more stigma of help-seeking from others tend to have higher levels of self-stigma. Compared with help-seeking public stigma, help-seeking self-stigma might have a larger impact on one's help-seeking attitude and intention. Help-seeking promotion campaigns should be devised to tackle both types of stigma to foster positive help-seeking attitude and intention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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求助的公众和自我污名与求助态度和意图之间的关联：元分析结构方程建模方法。

本研究使用全信息元分析检验了寻求帮助的公众污名与寻求帮助的自我污名（即污名的内化）之间的关联，以及两种类型的污名与求助态度和意图的相对关联结构方程建模方法。我们还调查了性别、年龄、集体主义和社会群体在内化过程中的调节作用。包含 54,793 个人数据的 115 个独立样本的结果表明，寻求帮助的公众污名与寻求帮助的自我污名强烈正相关。此外，在控制了彼此的影响后，自我污名而非公开污名仍然与求助态度和求助意愿显着相关。性别、年龄、集体主义，和社会群体并没有显着调节公众和自我污名之间的关联。研究结果强调，那些认为更多寻求他人帮助的耻辱感的人往往有更高水平的自我耻辱感。与寻求帮助的公众污名相比，寻求帮助的自我污名可能对一个人的求助态度和意愿产生更大的影响。应设计求助宣传活动来解决这两种污名化问题，以培养积极的求助态度和意愿。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。求助自我污名可能对求助态度和求助意愿有较大影响。应设计求助宣传活动来解决这两种污名化问题，以培养积极的求助态度和意愿。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。求助自我污名可能对求助态度和求助意愿有较大影响。应设计求助宣传活动来解决这两种污名化问题，以培养积极的求助态度和意愿。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。