In this work, a full-wave partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) model for 2-D periodic metallic structures is proposed. The mixed potential integral equations (MPIEs) with periodic Green’s function (GF) are interpreted as loop equations following Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) in a circuit domain. The impact of gauge freedom in the MPIE on the corresponding PEEC model is discussed. A tailored gauge function is introduced to form a generalized PEEC model for periodic structures, which demonstrates superior passivity and frequency stability. With the proposed PEEC model, lumped and active elements can be easily integrated with conducting bodies for field-circuit co-simulation. Through the distributed circuit including coupling elements, the PEEC model provides a clear physical insight into the electromagnetic behavior of the physical models for design and optimization. Three numerical examples, including frequency-selective surface (FSS), array antenna, and pixelwise meta-atom, are given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed PEEC model.

中文翻译：

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任意形状周期性金属结构的全波广义 PEEC 模型

在这项工作中，提出了一种用于二维周期性金属结构的全波部分元件等效电路 (PEEC) 模型。具有周期性格林函数 (GF) 的混合电位积分方程 (MPIE) 被解释为电路域中遵循基尔霍夫电压定律 (KVL) 的回路方程。讨论了 MPIE 中规范自由度对相应 PEEC 模型的影响。引入了定制的规范函数以形成周期性结构的广义 PEEC 模型，该模型表现出优异的无源性和频率稳定性。使用所提出的 PEEC 模型，集总和有源元件可以很容易地与导电体集成，以进行场电路协同仿真。通过包括耦合元件的分布式电路，PEEC 模型为设计和优化的物理模型的电磁行为提供了清晰的物理洞察力。给出了三个数值示例，包括频率选择表面 (FSS)、阵列天线和像素级元原子，以说明所提出的 PEEC 模型的准确性和效率。