A bidirectional leaky wave antenna (LWA) with beam scanning capabilities was developed based on the dielectric image line for single-tone continuous-wave Doppler radar (DR) for remote vital sign monitoring (RVSM) in a dynamic environment. It consists of a conductor-backed copper dielectric image line with two of the same dielectric layers mounted on top of each other for performance improvement. A RO6010 substrate with high permeability is used for the top two layers. The bottom layer is a RT/duroid 5880 low permittivity substrate stacked on top of the copper DIL to prevent higher order modes from being excited in the DIL channel. The dominant mode of the DIL is perturbed by making holes periodically in the DIL, and fast-wave space harmonics are generated. The scanning range of the proposed antenna through the broadside is 70.19°(−42.49° to 27.7) with an impedance bandwidth of 15 GHz (50-65 GHz), an optimum gain in the fast wave area ranging from $15.5 \,\mathrm {dBi}$ to $19.79 \, \mathrm {dBi}$ and an efficiency of 83.8% at $57.5 \,\mathrm {GHz}$ . Detailed RVSM tests have been performed with the proposed antenna system. It is shown that by adjusting the operating frequency from $50 \,\mathrm {GHz}$ to $65 \,\mathrm {GHz}$ , multiple targets’ breathing rates (BR) and heart rates (HR) can be detected within 70° of the angular range.

中文翻译：

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基于介质图像线的双向漏波天线用于毫米波频率下的远程生命体征检测

基于介电图像线开发了一种具有波束扫描能力的双向漏波天线（LWA），用于动态环境中用于远程生命体征监测（RVSM）的单音连续波多普勒雷达（DR）。它由一个带导体背衬的铜电介质图像线组成，其中两个相同的电介质层安装在彼此的顶部以提高性能。顶部两层使用具有高渗透性的 RO6010 基板。底层是堆叠在铜 DIL 顶部的 RT/duroid 5880 低介电常数衬底，以防止在 DIL 通道中激发更高阶模式。通过在 DIL 中周期性地制造空穴来扰动 DIL 的主模，并产生快波空间谐波。建议的天线通过宽边的扫描范围为 70.19°（-42.49° 至 27. $15.5 \,\mathrm {dBi}$至 $19.79 \, \mathrm {dBi}$和 83.8% 的效率 $57.5 \,\mathrm {GHz}$ . 已对建议的天线系统进行了详细的 RVSM 测试。结果表明，通过调整工作频率从 $50 \,\mathrm {GHz}$至 $65 \,\mathrm {GHz}$ ，可以在角度范围的 70° 内检测到多个目标的呼吸频率 (BR) 和心率 (HR)。