Experiences from major life events (MLEs; e.g., starting work or living independently) accumulate in the transition to emerging adulthood. Adaption to such events, often operationalized as responses in subjective well-being (SWB), is highly diverse. This observation has prompted attempts to explain differences in SWB responses among individuals as well as events. Early family characteristics have been discussed as potentially enduringly beneficial or harmful for successful adaption to MLEs in emerging adulthood. In the current study, we investigated adolescent family characteristics as longitudinal predictors of emerging adult mental and physical SWB (direct associations) and their explanatory value for SWB differences after the experience of MLEs (indirect associations). Analyses were based on data from a German national cohort study of 6255 emerging adults (KiGGS survey; 46.6% male; mean age = 22.78 years, standard deviation = 3.26 years) who had participated in the baseline study 11 years prior. Results showed that, while experiencing unemployment or severe illness was most negatively related to SWB, high educational attainment had the most positive correlation. Adolescent family characteristics were longitudinal predictors of emerging adult SWB and partially explained differences in SWB after the experience of several MLEs. Most notably, adolescent family characteristics were indirectly associated with emerging adult SWB via permanent relationships, educational attainment, and unemployment. The results provide a basis for the better understanding and further development of research and targeted intervention or prevention measures to facilitate adaptive capacity and reduce adverse effects from certain events on SWB in the transition to emerging adulthood.

来自重大生活事件（MLE；例如，开始工作或独立生活）的经验在向成年期的过渡中积累。对此类事件的适应，通常作为主观幸福感 (SWB) 中的反应进行操作，是高度多样化的。这一观察结果促使人们试图解释个体和事件之间 SWB 反应的差异。早期的家庭特征已被讨论为对成年后成功适应 MLE 可能持久有益或有害。在目前的研究中，我们调查了青少年家庭特征作为新兴成人身心 SWB（直接关联）的纵向预测因素，以及它们在 MLE（间接关联）经历后对 SWB 差异的解释价值。分析基于来自 11 年前参加基线研究的 6255 名新兴成年人（KiGGS 调查；46.6% 男性；平均年龄 = 22.78 岁，标准差 = 3.26 岁）的德国国家队列研究的数据。结果表明，虽然经历失业或重病与 SWB 的负相关最大，但受教育程度高与 SWB 的正相关关系最大。青少年家庭特征是新出现的成人 SWB 的纵向预测因素，并且在经历了几次 MLE 之后，部分解释了 SWB 的差异。最值得注意的是，青少年家庭特征通过永久关系、教育程度和失业与新兴成人 SWB 间接相关。