Cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) are clinical events that commonly result in increased treatment burden, decreased quality of life, and accelerated lung disease progression. CF PEx have historically been approached as though dealing with acute infections, and antibiotic treatments have been associated with improved outcomes. In this review, we discuss data supporting a causal role of CF airway infection in PEx as well studies that highlight our knowledge gaps in regard to PEx definitions, pathophysiology, and optimal treatment approaches. In the era of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator therapy, and the continually increasing health and longevity of persons with CF, a better understanding of PEx and further optimization of PEx antibiotic treatment approaches are needed.

中文翻译：

---

气道感染在囊性纤维化恶化中的难以捉摸的作用。

囊性纤维化 (CF) 肺恶化 (PEx) 是临床事件，通常会导致治疗负担增加、生活质量下降和肺部疾病进展加速。CF PEx 历来被视为处理急性感染，抗生素治疗与改善结果有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了支持 CF 气道感染在 PEx 中的因果作用的数据，以及突出我们在 PEx 定义、病理生理学和最佳治疗方法方面的知识差距的研究。在高效囊性纤维化跨膜电导调节剂治疗的时代，以及 CF 患者的健康和寿命不断提高，需要更好地了解 PEx 并进一步优化 PEx 抗生素治疗方法。