The results of statistical tests in orthopedic studies are typically reported using P-values. If a P-value is smaller than the pre-determined level of significance (eg, < .05), the null hypothesis is rejected in support of the alternative. This automaticity in interpreting statistical results without consideration of the power of the study has been denounced over the years by statisticians, since it can potentially lead to misinterpretation of the study conclusions. In this paper, we review fundamental misconceptions and misinterpretations of P-values and power, along with their connection with confidence intervals, and we provide guidelines to orthopedic researchers for evaluating and reporting study results. We provide real-world orthopedic examples to illustrate the main concepts. Please visit the following https://youtu.be/bdPU4luYmF0 for videos that explain the highlights of the paper in practical terms.

骨科研究中的统计检验结果通常使用P值来报告。如果P值小于预定的显着性水平（例如，< .05），则拒绝原假设以支持替代方案。多年来，这种不考虑研究效力而自动解释统计结果的做法一直受到统计学家的谴责，因为它可能会导致对研究结论的误解。在本文中，我们回顾了对P值和功效的基本误解和误解，以及它们与置信区间的联系，并为骨科研究人员提供了评估和报告研究结果的指南。我们提供现实世界的骨科示例来说明主要概念。请访问以下 https://youtu.be/bdPU4luYmF0 观看以实际方式解释论文要点的视频。