Long-term evolution (LTE) carrier aggregation with the unlicensed WiFi spectrum band has been pointed out as a good solution to handle the rapidly increasing wireless data traffic amounts. With both LTE and WiFi networks, the investigation of their coexistence is a hot research topic of active interest, primarily driven by industry and academia. In this study, we investigate a new spectrum allocation scheme for the LTE/WiFi coexistence platform. To maximize the system throughput while guaranteeing a relative fairness between heterogeneous networks, we adopt the cooperative game paradigm to design our novel scheme. According to the basic ideas of Proportional Nash bargaining solution (PNBS) and Zhang’s group bargaining solution (ZGBS), we can leverage a mutual consensus to provide a fair-efficient solution for the LTE/WiFi spectrum sharing problem. Based on the online interactive bargaining approach, network agents work together to effectively share the LTE and WiFi spectrum resources. Under dynamically changing network environments, it is an essential approach to find the relevant trade-off between conflicting requirements, i.e., fairness and efficiency. Validated by simulation results, our proposed scheme can provide important insights into the LTE/WiFi system operations. Finally, we forecast further research trends on the basis of our conclusion.

使用未经许可的 WiFi 频段的长期演进 (LTE) 载波聚合已被指出是处理快速增长的无线数据流量的良好解决方案。对于 LTE 和 WiFi 网络，调查它们的共存是一个热门的研究课题，主要由工业界和学术界推动。在这项研究中，我们研究了一种用于 LTE/WiFi 共存平台的新频谱分配方案。为了最大化系统吞吐量，同时保证异构网络之间的相对公平性，我们采用合作博弈范式来设计我们的新方案。根据比例纳什讨价还价解（PNBS）和张氏集团讨价还价解（ZGBS ）的基本思想)，我们可以利用共同共识为 LTE/WiFi 频谱共享问题提供公平有效的解决方案。基于在线交互议价方式，网络代理协同工作，有效共享LTE和WiFi频谱资源。在动态变化的网络环境下，寻找相互冲突的需求即公平性和效率之间的相关权衡是必不可少的方法。通过仿真结果验证，我们提出的方案可以提供对 LTE/WiFi 系统操作的重要见解。最后，我们在结论的基础上预测了进一步的研究趋势。