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The dark side of globalization: Evidence from the impact of COVID-19 on multinational companies
Journal of International Business Studies ( IF 11.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-06 , DOI: 10.1057/s41267-022-00540-8
Omrane Guedhami 1, 2 , April Knill 3 , William L Megginson 4, 5 , Lemma W Senbet 6
Affiliation  

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to economic and health crises (“twin crises”) worldwide. Using a sample of firms from 73 countries over the period January to December 2020, we examine stock price reactions of multinational corporations (MNCs) and purely domestic companies (DCs) to the crisis. We find that, on average, MNCs suffer a significantly larger decline in firm value relative to DCs during the stock market crisis caused by the pandemic with notable heterogeneity in this underperformance across both industry and region. The evidence of MNC underperformance is robust to using abnormal returns, an alternative crisis window, a matched sample that accounts for differences in characteristics between MNCs and DCs, alternative model specifications, and alternative proxies for multinationality. Further analysis on the effect of government responses on the valuation gap suggests that stringent government responses exacerbate MNCs’ underperformance. Finally, we show that a stronger financial system mitigates negative crisis returns, especially under stringent government responses, while real factors, such as the firm’s supply chain, investments in human capital, research and development, exacerbate negative crisis returns. Our findings have important implications for managers of MNCs and government policymakers alike and contribute to studies on the international diversification–performance relation by demonstrating a dark side of globalization during a tail-risk event.



中文翻译:

全球化的阴暗面:来自 COVID-19 对跨国公司影响的证据

COVID-19 大流行已导致全球经济和健康危机(“双危机”)。我们以 2020 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月期间来自 73 个国家的公司为样本,研究了跨国公司 (MNC) 和纯国内公司 (DC) 对危机的股价反应。我们发现,平均而言,在大流行引起的股市危机期间,跨国公司相对于 DC 公司的公司价值下降幅度要大得多,并且在整个行业和地区的这种表现不佳的情况存在显着的异质性。跨国公司业绩不佳的证据对于使用异常收益、替代危机窗口、解释跨国公司和 DC 之间特征差异的匹配样本、替代模型规范和替代跨国公司代理是稳健的。对政府回应对估值差距影响的进一步分析表明,严厉的政府回应加剧了跨国公司的业绩不佳。最后,我们表明,更强大的金融体系可以减轻负面的危机回报,尤其是在政府采取严厉措施的情况下,而诸如公司供应链、人力资本投资、研发等实际因素会加剧负面的危机回报。我们的研究结果对跨国公司的管理者和政府决策者等具有重要意义,并通过在尾部风险事件中展示全球化的阴暗面,为国际多元化与绩效关系的研究做出贡献。我们表明,更强大的金融体系可以减轻负面的危机回报,尤其是在政府采取严厉措施的情况下,而诸如公司供应链、人力资本投资、研发等实际因素会加剧负面的危机回报。我们的研究结果对跨国公司的管理者和政府决策者等具有重要意义,并通过在尾部风险事件中展示全球化的阴暗面,为国际多元化与绩效关系的研究做出贡献。我们表明,更强大的金融体系可以减轻负面的危机回报,尤其是在政府采取严厉措施的情况下,而诸如公司供应链、人力资本投资、研发等实际因素会加剧负面的危机回报。我们的研究结果对跨国公司的管理者和政府决策者等具有重要意义,并通过在尾部风险事件中展示全球化的阴暗面,为国际多元化与绩效关系的研究做出贡献。

更新日期:2022-09-06
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