In recent years, cardiovascular health problems are becoming more and more serious. At the same time, mechanical stimulation closely relates to cardiovascular health. In this context, Piezo1, which is very sensitive to mechanical stimulation, has attracted our attention. Here, we review the critical significance of Piezo1 in mechanical stimulation of endothelial cells, NO production, lipid metabolism, DNA damage protection, the development of new blood vessels and maturation, narrowing of blood vessels, blood pressure regulation, vascular permeability, insulin sensitivity, and maintenance of red blood cell function. Besides, Piezo1 may participate in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. It is worth noting that Piezo1 has dual effects on maintaining cardiovascular health. On the one hand, the function of Piezo1 is necessary to maintain cardiovascular health; on the other hand, under some extreme mechanical stimulation, the overexpression of Piezo1 may bring adverse factors such as inflammation. Therefore, this review discusses the Janus-faced role of Piezo1 in maintaining cardiovascular health and puts forward new ideas to provide references for gene therapy or nanoagents targeting Piezo1.

近年来，心血管健康问题日益严重。同时，机械刺激与心血管健康密切相关。在此背景下，对机械刺激非常敏感的Piezo1引起了我们的注意。在这里，我们回顾一下Piezo1在内皮细胞的机械刺激、NO产生、脂质代谢、DNA损伤保护、新血管的发育和成熟、血管狭窄、血压调节、血管通透性、胰岛素敏感性、和维持红细胞功能。此外，Piezo1可能参与动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、高血压等心血管疾病的发生和发展。值得注意的是，Piezo1对于维持心血管健康具有双重作用。一方面，Piezo1的功能是维持心血管健康所必需的；另一方面，在一些极端的机械刺激下，Piezo1的过度表达可能会带来炎症等不利因素。因此，本文讨论了Piezo1在维持心血管健康方面的Janus作用，并提出新的思路，为针对Piezo1的基因治疗或纳米药物提供参考。