Unmodified nanocarriers used in the chemotherapy of cancers and various infectious diseases exhibit prolonged blood circulation time, prevent enzymatic degradation and increase chemical stability of encapsulated therapeutics. However, off-target effect and lack of specificity associated with unmodified nanoparticles (NPs) limit their applications in the health care system. Mannose (Man) receptors with significant overexpression on antigen-presenting cells and macrophages are among the most admired targets for cancer and anti-infective therapeutics. Therefore, development of Man functionalized nanocarriers targeting Man receptors, for target specific drug delivery in the chemotherapy have been extensively studied. Present review expounds diverse Man-conjugated NPs with their potential for targeted drug delivery, improved biodistribution profiles and localization. Additionally, the review gives detailed account of the interactions of mannosylated NPs with various biological systems and their characterization not discussed in earlier published reports is discussed.

中文翻译：

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癌症和感染治疗中甘露糖功能化靶向纳米载体递送系统的最新进展综述

用于癌症和各种传染病化学疗法的未修饰纳米载体表现出延长的血液循环时间，防止酶促降解并增加封装治疗剂的化学稳定性。然而，未修饰的纳米粒子 (NP) 的脱靶效应和缺乏特异性限制了它们在医疗保健系统中的应用。在抗原呈递细胞和巨噬细胞上显着过度表达的甘露糖 (Man) 受体是癌症和抗感染治疗最受推崇的靶标之一。因此，已经广泛研究了针对 Man 受体的 Man 功能化纳米载体的开发，用于化疗中的靶向特异性药物递送。本综述阐述了多种与人偶联的 NPs 及其靶向药物递送的潜力，改善生物分布概况和本地化。此外，该综述详细说明了甘露糖化 NP 与各种生物系统的相互作用，并讨论了早期发表的报告中未讨论的表征。