Existing centralized equalization methods can only equalize one battery cell at a time, which is the main reason that limits the equalization speed and practicability of such methods. To overcome this limitation, this article proposes an integrated cascaded multiport converter (ICMPC) to optimize the structure and performance of the centralized equalization system. Through the proposed converter, the simultaneous and single-stage energy exchange between multiple unbalanced cells and the battery string can be achieved, so as to effectively improve the equalization speed. Meanwhile, the number of ports of the ICMPC is easy to expand, and the optimized system possesses the advantages of compact structure, high efficiency, and high cost effectiveness compared with conventional methods. As the basic and typical form of the ICMPC, the integrated cascade three-port converter is analyzed as an example in terms of operation principle, parameter design, and zero-voltage switching analysis. Finally, to confirm the theoretical analysis, a laboratory prototype is designed, and a comprehensive comparison is performed. The experimental and comparative results fully prove the practicality and superiority of the proposed ICMPC-based centralized equalization.

中文翻译：

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用于优化集中式电池均衡系统的具有集成级联结构的多端口 DC-DC 转换器

现有的集中式均衡方法一次只能对一个电芯进行均衡，这是限制这种方法的均衡速度和实用性的主要原因。为了克服这一限制，本文提出了一种集成级联多端口转换器（ICMPC），以优化集中式均衡系统的结构和性能。通过所提出的转换器，可以实现多个不平衡电芯与电池串之间同时进行单级能量交换，从而有效提高均衡速度。同时，ICMPC的端口数量易于扩展，优化后的系统与传统方法相比具有结构紧凑、效率高、性价比高等优点。作为 ICMPC 的基本和典型形式，以集成级联三端口转换器为例，从工作原理、参数设计、零电压开关分析等方面进行分析。最后，为了验证理论分析，设计了一个实验室样机，并进行了综合比较。实验和对比结果充分证明了所提出的基于ICMPC的集中均衡的实用性和优越性。