Developing attention skills allow children to parse their complex world by orienting to a subset of especially salient or meaningful inputs. Infants and children are biased to orient to faces and have difficulty ignoring faces when they appear as distractors. Although these past findings suggest that faces are more salient than nonsocial stimuli, it is unclear whether specific types of faces capture attention to a greater extent than others. Caregiver faces are one of the most prevalent and socially motivating stimuli in infants' and children's environments, suggesting that they may be biased to orient to caregiver faces to a greater extent than faces in general. Forty-six 6- to 10-year-old children across the United States and Canada completed an online attention capture task in which participants searched for a target within arrays containing multiple distractors. During some trials, either a stranger or the child's caregiver's face appeared as one of the distractors. Children showed consistently poorer performance (i.e., increased omission errors, poorer accuracy, and slower response times) when the caregiver face appeared as a distractor, especially during trials in which the target was present and within larger search arrays. These increased performance costs indicate an enhanced orienting bias to caregiver faces, which may reflect increased motivational salience of these faces. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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在在线视觉搜索任务中，看护者的面孔会吸引 6 至 10 岁儿童的注意力。

培养注意力技能可以让孩子们通过关注一部分特别突出或有意义的输入来解析他们复杂的世界。婴儿和儿童倾向于以面孔为导向，并且当面孔出现干扰时，很难忽视它们。尽管过去的这些研究结果表明，面孔比非社会刺激更显着，但尚不清楚特定类型的面孔是否比其他面孔更能吸引注意力。照顾者的面孔是婴儿和儿童环境中最普遍和最具社交动机的刺激物之一，这表明他们可能比一般面孔更倾向于关注照顾者的面孔。美国和加拿大的 46 名 6 至 10 岁儿童完成了一项在线注意力捕捉任务，参与者在包含多个干扰物的阵列中搜索目标。在一些试验中，陌生人或孩子看护者的脸都成为干扰因素之一。当看护者的脸部出现干扰时，儿童表现出一贯较差的表现（即遗漏错误增加、准确性较差和响应时间较慢），特别是在目标存在且位于较大搜索阵列内的试验中。这些增加的绩效成本表明对护理人员面孔的定向偏见增强，这可能反映了这些面孔的动机显着性的增加。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。