The aim of this article is to show how Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) methods can be used to improve urban public infrastructure systems in densely populated countries, such as India. In this case, we use Accimap analysis with crowd flow approaches to inform safety and policy. We demonstrate the need for sociotechnical systemic safety by a case study of accident analysis of the Elphinstone Road railway station stampede. On September 29, 2017, the Elphinstone Road, Mumbai, India, railway platform bridge stampede killed at least 23 and injured 39 other commuters who traveled through the Mumbai Suburban railway. In this study, we understand the accident as it is presented in newspaper articles. We analyze the accident by a sociotechnical accident analysis method called the Accimap. The Accimap method helps by identification of various stakeholders and their interactions in the different levels of hierarchy in a sociotechnical system. This ensures moving away from individualistic and blame-based accounts of media reporting to a coherent sociotechnical account based on understanding the dynamics of the situation. The findings from the Accimap analysis identify the problem areas in the commuter transit system and provide recommendations. These recommendations range from commuter flow management to enforcement of rules for supporting pedestrian flow. The article concludes with an emphasis on the development of the sociotechnical dimension of public safety and infrastructure from a human factors perspective, above and beyond what is currently practiced in India.

中文翻译：

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城市基础设施中的 Accimap 和人群流动：以印度孟买 Elphinstone 路火车站悲剧为例

本文的目的是展示如何使用人为因素和人体工程学 (HFE) 方法改善印度等人口稠密国家的城市公共基础设施系统。在这种情况下，我们使用 Accimap 分析和人群流动方法来告知安全和政策。我们通过对埃尔芬斯通路事故分析的案例研究证明了社会技术系统安全的必要性火车站踩踏事件。2017年9月29日，印度孟买埃尔芬斯通路铁路月台桥发生踩踏事故，造成至少23人死亡、39人受伤，另有其他途经孟买市郊铁路的通勤者。在这项研究中，我们理解了报纸文章中出现的事故。我们通过称为 Accimap 的社会技术事故分析方法来分析事故。Accimap 方法有助于识别各种利益相关者及其在社会技术系统不同层次结构中的相互作用。这确保了从对媒体报道的个人主义和基于指责的描述转变为基于对情况动态的理解的连贯的社会技术描述。Accimap 分析的结果确定了通勤交通系统中的问题区域并提供了建议。这些建议的范围从通勤者流量管理到支持行人流量的规则的执行。文章最后从人为因素的角度强调公共安全和基础设施的社会技术层面的发展，超越了印度目前的做法。