Four types of polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers with -COO^- (C-PCE), -NH³⁺ (D-PCE), –SO₃^- (S-PCE) and –COOR (H-PCE) were synthesized. Their molecular structures were characterized by Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (¹H NMR). The adsorption behavior of PCEs was investigated by adsorption amount and layer thickness on cement paste without and with montmorillonite (MMT). Time-dependent flowability and rheological properties of paste were measured and the effects of these PCEs on the hydration of paste were examined. Based on the adsorption behavior of PCEs and fresh properties of pastes without and with MMT, the sensitivity of these PCEs to MMT was also assessed. Results show that D-PCE, S-PCE and H-PCE exhibit lower adsorption amounts, but thicker adsorption layer on cement paste than that of C-PCE. S-PCE shows the best dispersion and retention capability, even in the presence of 3% MMT, and has the smallest sensitivity index. However, H-PCE is the worst one. Paste with D-PCE exhibits comparable initial flowability to that of C-PCE, but higher flowability loss.

^{合成了-COO -} (C-PCE)、-NH ³⁺ (D-PCE)、-SO ₃ ^- (S-PCE)和-COOR (H-PCE)四种类型的聚羧酸醚(PCE)减水剂。它们的分子结构通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和¹ H核磁共振光谱( ¹ H NMR)进行了表征。通过在未添加和添加蒙脱石 (MMT)的水泥浆体上的吸附量和层厚来研究 PCEs的吸附行为。与时间相关测量了浆料的流动性和流变性能，并检查了这些 PCE 对浆料水化的影响。基于 PCE 的吸附行为和不含和含 MMT 的糊剂的新鲜特性，还评估了这些 PCE 对 MMT 的敏感性。结果表明，D-PCE、S-PCE和H-PCE的吸附量低于C-PCE，但在水泥浆体上的吸附层较C-PCE厚。S-PCE 显示出最佳的分散和保留能力，即使在 3% MMT 的存在下，也具有最小的灵敏度指数。然而，H-PCE 是最差的一种。含 D-PCE 的浆料表现出与 C-PCE 相当的初始流动性，但流动性损失更高。