Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) wild relatives are rich genetic resources for genetic improvement of wheat. The short arm of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome 1 (1RS) contains many beneficial genes for resistance to drought, insects, and diseases, therefore the 1RS wheat translocations have been widely used in wheat breeding programs worldwide. To facilitate marker-assisted identification of 1RS in wheat breeding, we designed a set of Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers to detect the translocations of 1RS with long arm from wheat chromosome 1A (1RS.1AL) and 1RS with long arm from wheat chromosome 1B (1RS.1BL) based on the sequence flanking single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) between wheat and rye panels. We identified a set of three SNP markers for diagnosis and differentiation of the two 1RS translocations in wheat. Among the three KASP markers, 1AS-05056 is 1RS specific, and clearly separated the genotypes with 1RS (1RS.1AL and 1RS.1BL) from those without the two 1RS translocations; whereas 1AS-29875 clearly identified the 1RS.1AL translocation and 1BS-16654 separated 1RS.1BL from 1RS.1AL. The three new KASP markers together accurately identified the presence of 1RS translocation on either 1A or 1B chromosome in a panel of 95 representative U.S. winter wheat accessions, which were further validated in two additional U.S. hard winter wheat panels. Therefore, they can be used for routine screening of 1RS.1BL and 1RS.1AL translocation lines in wheat breeding programs.

中文翻译：

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开发用于鉴定小麦中黑麦 1RS 易位的诊断 SNP 标记

小麦( Triticum aestivum L.)野生近缘种是小麦遗传改良的丰富遗传资源。黑麦短臂（Secale cerealeL.)1号染色体(1RS)含有许多抗旱、抗虫、抗病的有益基因，因此1RS小麦易位在全球小麦育种项目中得到广泛应用。为了便于小麦育种中 1RS 的标记辅助鉴定，我们设计了一套 Kompetitive 等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应 (KASP) 标记，用于检测小麦 1A 染色体长臂 1RS (1RS.1AL) 和长臂 1RS 的易位小麦染色体 1B (1RS.1BL) 的手臂基于小麦和黑麦面板之间通过基因分型测序 (GBS) 生成的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 侧翼序列。我们确定了一组三个 SNP 标记，用于诊断和区分小麦中的两个 1RS 易位。在三个 KASP 标记中，1AS-05056 是 1RS 特异性的，并清楚地将具有 1RS（1RS.1AL 和 1RS.1BL）的基因型与没有两个 1RS 易位的基因型分开；而 1AS-29875 清楚地识别了 1RS.1AL 易位，1BS-16654 将 1RS.1BL 与 1RS.1AL 分开。三个新的 KASP 标记一起准确地识别了一组 95 个代表性美国冬小麦种质中 1A 或 1B 染色体上 1RS 易位的存在，这在另外两个美国硬质冬小麦组中得到了进一步验证。因此，它们可用于小麦育种计划中1RS.1BL和1RS.1AL易位品系的常规筛选。三个新的 KASP 标记一起准确地识别了一组 95 个代表性美国冬小麦种质中 1A 或 1B 染色体上 1RS 易位的存在，这在另外两个美国硬质冬小麦组中得到了进一步验证。因此，它们可用于小麦育种计划中1RS.1BL和1RS.1AL易位品系的常规筛选。三个新的 KASP 标记一起准确地识别了一组 95 个代表性美国冬小麦种质中 1A 或 1B 染色体上 1RS 易位的存在，这在另外两个美国硬质冬小麦组中得到了进一步验证。因此，它们可用于小麦育种计划中1RS.1BL和1RS.1AL易位品系的常规筛选。