The bone matrix plays an indispensable role in the human body, and its unique biomechanical and mechanobiological properties have received much attention. The bone matrix has unique mechanical anisotropy and exhibits both strong toughness and high strength. These mechanical properties are closely associated with human life activities and correspond to the function of bone in the human body. None of the mechanical properties exhibited by the bone matrix is independent of its composition and structure. Studies on the biomechanics of the bone matrix can provide a reference for the preparation of more applicable bone substitute implants, bone biomimetic materials and scaffolds for bone tissue repair in humans, as well as for biomimetic applications in other fields. In providing mechanical support to the human body, bone is constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli. Through the study of the mechanobiology of the bone matrix, the response mechanism of the bone matrix to its surrounding mechanical environment can be elucidated and used for the health maintenance of bone tissue and defect regeneration. This paper summarizes the biomechanical properties of the bone matrix and their biological significance, discusses the compositional and structural basis by which the bone matrix is capable of exhibiting these mechanical properties, and studies the effects of mechanical stimuli, especially fluid shear stress, on the components of the bone matrix, cells and their interactions. The problems that occur with regard to the biomechanics and mechanobiology of the bone matrix and the corresponding challenges that may need to be faced in the future are also described.

骨基质在人体中起着不可或缺的作用，其独特的生物力学和力学生物学特性备受关注。骨基质具有独特的机械各向异性，同时表现出强韧性和高强度。这些力学性能与人体生命活动密切相关，与骨骼在人体中的功能相对应。骨基质表现出的所有机械性能都与其组成和结构无关。对骨基质生物力学的研究可为制备更具适用性的骨替代植入物、骨仿生材料和用于人体骨组织修复的支架以及其他领域的仿生应用提供参考。在为人体提供机械支撑时，骨骼不断受到机械刺激。通过对骨基质力学生物学的研究，可以阐明骨基质对其周围力学环境的响应机制，用于骨组织的健康维护和缺损再生。本文总结了骨基质的生物力学特性及其生物学意义，讨论了骨基质能够表现出这些力学特性的组成和结构基础，并研究了机械刺激，尤其是流体剪切应力对这些成分的影响。骨基质、细胞及其相互作用。还描述了骨基质的生物力学和力学生物学方面出现的问题以及未来可能需要面对的相应挑战。