Background and Hypothesis Through decades the clinical recovery outcomes among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have been highly inconsistent ranging from 13.5% to 57%. The primary objective of this updated examination was to report the pooled estimate and explore various moderators to improve the understanding of the course of schizophrenia. Study Design A systematic literature search was set up on PubMed, PsycInfo, and EMBASE until January 13th, 2022. Both observational and interventional studies among cohorts of individuals with the first episode of schizophrenia reporting on clinical recovery were included. The PRISMA 2020 statement was used and data was extracted for a random-effects meta-analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses. Risk of bias was assessed using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Study Results A 20.8% (95% CI = 17.3 to 24.8) recovery rate was found among 26 unique study samples (mean trial duration, 9.5 years) including 3877 individuals (mean age, 26.4 years). In meta-regression none of the following study characteristics could uncover the diverse reported recovery rates; age at inclusion (P = .84), year of inclusion (P = .93), follow-up time (P = .99), drop-out rate (P = .07), or strictness of the recovery criteria (P = .35). Furthermore, no differences in recovery were found between early intervention services (EIS; 19.5%; 95% CI = 15.0 to 24.8) compared to other interventions (21%; 95% CI = 16.9 to 25.8), P = .65. Conclusions A clinical recovery rate of approximately 21% was found with minimum impact from various moderators. The rate was not different comparing EIS with other interventions implying that new initiatives are needed to improve the rate of recovery.

中文翻译：

---

首发精神分裂症患者的临床康复最新系统评价和荟萃分析

背景和假设 几十年来，被诊断为精神分裂症的个体的临床康复结果一直高度不一致，从 13.5% 到 57% 不等。这次更新检查的主要目的是报告汇总估计值并探索各种调节因素，以提高对精神分裂症病程的了解。研究设计 在 PubMed、PsycInfo 和 EMBASE 上建立了截至 2022 年 1 月 13 日的系统文献检索。其中包括报告临床康复情况的首次精神分裂症患者队列中的观察性和干预性研究。使用 PRISMA 2020 声明并提取数据进行随机效应荟萃分析、荟萃回归和敏感性分析。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估偏倚风险。研究结果 26 个独特的研究样本（平均试验持续时间为 9.5 年）包括 3877 名个体（平均年龄为 26.4 岁），恢复率为 20.8%（95% CI = 17.3 至 24.8）。在元回归中，以下研究特征均无法揭示不同的报告恢复率；纳入时年龄 (P = .84)、纳入年份 (P = .93)、随访时间 (P = .99)、退出率 (P = .07) 或恢复标准的严格程度 (P = .35）。此外，与其他干预措施（21%；95% CI = 16.9 至 25.8）相比，早期干预服务（EIS；19.5%；95% CI = 15.0 至 24.8）的恢复情况没有差异，P = 0.65。结论 临床康复率约为 21%，各种调节因素的影响最小。与其他干预措施相比，EIS 的恢复率没有差异，这意味着需要新的举措来提高恢复率。