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How gravitational fluctuations degrade the high-dimensional spatial entanglement
Physical Review D ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-26 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.045023
Haorong Wu, Xilong Fan, Lixiang Chen

Twisted photons carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are competent candidates for future interstellar communications. However, the gravitational fluctuations are ubiquitous in spacetime. Thus a fundamental question arises naturally as to how the gravitational fluctuations affect the coherence and the degree of high-dimensional OAM entanglement when twisted photons travel across the textures of curved spacetime. Here, we consider the covariant scalar Helmholtz equations and the Minkowski metric with fluctuations of Gaussian distribution and formulate analytically the equations describing the motion for twisted light in the Laguerre-Gaussian mode space. It is seen that the OAM cannot remain conserved in the presence of gravitational fluctuations. Furthermore, two-photon density matrices are derived for interstellar OAM quantum entanglement distribution, and the degree of entanglement degradation is characterized by purity and negativity. It is revealed that the higher-dimensional OAM entanglement is more susceptible to spacetime fluctuations. We believe that our findings will be of fundamental importance for the future interstellar quantum communications with twisted photons.

中文翻译:

引力涨落如何降低高维空间纠缠

携带轨道角动量 (OAM) 的扭曲光子是未来星际通信的有力候选者。然而,引力波动在时空中无处不在。因此,当扭曲的光子穿过弯曲时空的纹理时,引力波动如何影响高维 OAM 纠缠的相干性和程度自然产生了一个基本问题。在这里,我们考虑协变标量亥姆霍兹方程和具有高斯分布波动的 Minkowski 度量,并解析地制定描述拉盖尔-高斯模式空间中扭曲光运动的方程。可以看出,在存在引力波动的情况下,OAM 不能保持守恒。此外,推导了星际OAM量子纠缠分布的双光子密度矩阵,纠缠退化程度以纯度和负性为特征。结果表明,高维 OAM 纠缠更容易受到时空波动的影响。我们相信,我们的发现对于未来使用扭曲光子的星际量子通信具有根本意义。
更新日期:2022-08-26
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