Abstract

Although the use of countercurrent filters can significantly reduce the consumption of reagents in traditional water treatment technologies, it has a number of shortcomings. Among them are clogging with small particles of a cation-exchange resin in the upper drainage system, blocking water supply during the process of regeneration, partial engagement into ion exchange for the cation-exchange resin located above the drainage system, and others. Considering that the exchange capacity of the cation-exchange resin in both the upper and lower sections depends on the composition of initial water, the specific flow rate of a reagent for regeneration, the height of the overall, upper, and lower cation-exchange resin sections, the concentration and flow rate of a regeneration solution, the water flow rate through the cation-exchange resin layers, and other numerous factors, it is possible to conclude that estimating the height, at which the middle drainage system should be installed, is an important problem requiring a particular extensive study. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that, when the middle drainage system is installed at a height of 70% of the overall cation-exchange resin heigh counted from the bottom, the alkaline front of initial water enters the lower section without creation of “sliding” due to the neutralization of H⁺ ions in the upper section. The objective of this study is to investigate the problem of preparing the water of required quality for heating networks during the regeneration of two-flow countercurrent filters in the regime of “hungry” regeneration with a stoichiometric amount of acid instead of estimating the heigh of installing the middle drainage system. It can be seen from the obtained results that the exchange capacity of the sulfonated coal cation-exchange resin generally depends on the specific flow rate of sulfuric acid. In the process of study, the specific flow rate of sulfuric acid used as a regenerating solution is increased from 10 to 25 m/s to compare the results. Hence, in the process of regeneration, it can be seen that the exchange capacity slightly decreases with an increase in the solution flow velocity, and the working exchange capacity essentially grows when the flow rate of sulfuric acid is increased from 18 to 30 kg/m³.

中文翻译：

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双流逆流过滤器“饥饿”再生过程分析

摘要

虽然逆流过滤器的使用可以显着降低传统水处理技术中试剂的消耗，但也存在诸多不足。其中包括上部排水系统中阳离子交换树脂的小颗粒堵塞、再生过程中的供水阻塞、位于排水系统上方的阳离子交换树脂部分参与离子交换等。考虑到上段和下段阳离子交换树脂的交换容量取决于初始水的组成、再生试剂的具体流量、整体、上、下阳离子交换树脂的高度截面，再生溶液的浓度和流速，通过阳离子交换树脂层的水流速，和其他众多因素，可以得出结论，估计中间排水系统应安装的高度是一个需要特别广泛研究的重要问题。实验室研究表明，当中间排水系统安装在从底部算起的总阳离子交换树脂高度的 70% 处时，初始水的碱性前沿进入下部而不会产生“滑动”，这是由于H的中和⁺离子在上半部分。本研究的目的是研究在“饥饿”再生状态下用化学计量的酸代替估计安装高度的双流逆流过滤器再生过程中为供热网络准备所需质量的水的问题中间排水系统。从所得结果可以看出，磺化煤阳离子交换树脂的交换容量一般取决于硫酸的具体流量。在研究过程中，将用作再生溶液的硫酸的比流速从10提高到25 m/s来比较结果。因此，在再生过程中，可以看出交换容量随着溶液流速的增加而略有下降，³ .