Copper–ammonium species were introduced in this work to improve the surface sulfidization and flotation performance, and the mechanism was revealed by solution composition determination and surface measurements. Results showed that copper–ammonium species exhibited superior activation performance compared to individual copper ions, and more copper ions were transferred onto the smithsonite surface to increase the mineral surface reactivity with sulfide and xanthate species. Compared with the individual activation system of copper ions, a superior sulfidization of smithsonite was obtained in the synergistic activation system of copper–ammonium species. The activation of smithsonite surfaces with copper–ammonium species not only increased the content of copper sulfide species, but also enhanced the activity of sulfidization products on the surface of smithsonite. Accordingly, a greater amount of xanthate species adsorbed on the surface of smithsonite, and the surface hydrophobicity significantly was enhanced after smithsonite was activated with copper–ammonium species. Compared with treatment in the direct sulfidization system, the flotation recovery of smithsonite increased by approximately 30% under the optimum flotation conditions after treatment in the synergistic activation system of copper–ammonium species. The research results provide a potential technology for promoting the efficient recovery of zinc oxide minerals through sulfidization xanthate flotation.

在这项工作中引入了铜-铵物质以改善表面硫化和浮选性能，并通过溶液成分测定和表面测量揭示了其机理。结果表明，与单个铜离子相比，铜-铵物种表现出优异的活化性能，更多的铜离子转移到菱锌矿表面，以增加矿物表面与硫化物和黄原酸盐物种的反应性。与铜离子的单独活化体系相比，在铜-铵物种的协同活化体系中获得了优异的菱锌矿硫化作用。用铜-铵物质活化菱锌矿表面不仅增加了硫化铜物质的含量，同时也增强了菱锌矿表面硫化产物的活性。因此，更多的黄原酸盐物质吸附在菱镁矿表面，在菱锌矿用铜-铵物质活化后，表面疏水性显着增强。与直接硫化体系处理相比，铜铵协同活化体系处理后，在最佳浮选条件下，菱锌矿的浮选回收率提高了约30%。研究成果为促进硫化黄药浮选高效回收氧化锌矿物提供了潜在技术。用铜-铵物质活化菱镁矿后，表面疏水性显着增强。与直接硫化体系处理相比，铜铵协同活化体系处理后，在最佳浮选条件下，菱锌矿的浮选回收率提高了约30%。研究成果为促进硫化黄药浮选高效回收氧化锌矿物提供了潜在技术。用铜-铵物质活化菱镁矿后，表面疏水性显着增强。与直接硫化体系处理相比，铜铵协同活化体系处理后，在最佳浮选条件下，菱锌矿的浮选回收率提高了约30%。研究成果为促进硫化黄药浮选高效回收氧化锌矿物提供了潜在技术。