Cognitive frailty is the co-existence of mild cognitive impairment and physical frailty that increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. The existing systematic reviews on cognitive frailty in the literature have focused only on identifying associated factors and adverse outcomes, and their relationship with frailty and cognition. This study aimed to examine the effects of interventions on cognitive functions, frailty, and physical functions and provide an overview of intervention components used in older people with cognitive frailty. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane were searched for publishing during 2013–2021. Studies were selected based on the following eligibility criteria: 1) older people (age ≥ 60 years), 2) cognitive frailty, 3) outcomes on frailty or cognition or physical function, and 4) randomized controlled trial with any type of intervention. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to rate the quality of the included studies. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021251321). Two thousand five hundred six studies were identified, 9 were eligible, and 8 were included in the meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference (Hedges G) between groups of cognitive functions was 0.95, frailty status was 0, physical function in walking was -1.67, and the physical function in core strength assessment was 3.39. Physical activity appeared as an essential component in all interventions for older people with cognitive frailty. All interventions include physical activity as one of the components. Other components include cognitive training, nutrition education, behavioural intervention, mind–body intervention, psychosocial support, and virtual reality. The interventions are effective to promote cognitive and physical functions, but not physical frailty.

中文翻译：

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增强认知脆弱老年人认知和身体功能的干预措施的效果：系统评价和荟萃分析

认知衰弱是轻度认知障碍和身体衰弱并存，会增加不良健康后果的风险。现有文献中关于认知衰弱的系统评价只关注识别相关因素和不良结果，以及它们与衰弱和认知的关系。本研究旨在检查干预措施对认知功能、虚弱和身体功能的影响，并概述用于认知虚弱老年人的干预措施。这是一个系统回顾和荟萃分析。Medline、PubMed、CINAHL、Embase、PsycINFO 和 Cochrane 在 2013-2021 年期间进行了出版搜索。根据以下资格标准选择研究：1）老年人（年龄 ≥ 60 岁），2）认知脆弱，3) 关于虚弱或认知或身体功能的结果，以及 4) 任何类型干预的随机对照试验。物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）量表用于评估纳入研究的质量。审查方案已在 PROSPERO (CRD42021251321) 注册。确定了 2506 项研究，9 项符合条件，8 项纳入荟萃分析。认知功能组间的标准化平均差（Hedges G）为0.95，虚弱状态为0，行走时的身体功能为-1.67，核心力量评估中的身体功能为3.39。身体活动似乎是所有针对认知脆弱老年人的干预措施的重要组成部分。所有干预措施都包括身体活动作为组成部分之一。其他组件包括认知训练、营养教育、行为干预、身心干预、社会心理支持和虚拟现实。这些干预措施可有效促进认知和身体机能，但不能有效促进身体虚弱。