People who are blind do not have access to graphical data and imagery produced by science. This exclusion complicates learning and data sharing between sighted and blind persons. Because blind people use tactile senses to visualize data (and sighted people use eyesight), a single data format that can be easily visualized by both is needed. Here, we report that graphical data can be three-dimensionally printed into tactile graphics that glow with video-like resolution via the lithophane effect. Lithophane forms of gel electropherograms, micrographs, electronic and mass spectra, and textbook illustrations could be interpreted by touch or eyesight at ≥79% accuracy ( n = 360). The lithophane data format enables universal visualization of data by people regardless of their level of eyesight.

中文翻译：

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面向所有人的数据：以完美画面分辨率点亮的触觉图形

盲人无法访问科学产生的图形数据和图像。这种排除使有视力的人和盲人之间的学习和数据共享变得复杂。因为盲人使用触觉来可视化数据（而有视力的人使用视力），所以需要一种可以被两者轻松可视化的单一数据格式。在这里，我们报告说，图形数据可以通过 lithophane 效果被 3D 打印成具有类似视频分辨率的触觉图形。石粉形式的凝胶电泳图、显微照片、电子和质谱以及教科书插图可以通过触觉或视力以≥79% 的准确度进行解释（n= 360)。lithophane 数据格式使人们能够对数据进行通用可视化，而不管他们的视力水平如何。