This paper proposes a quadruple band stacked oval patch antenna with sunlight-shaped slots supporting L1/L2/L5 GNSS bands and the 2.3 Ghz WiMAX band. The antenna produces right-hand circular polarization waves with wide axial-ratio beamwidth of 223/216\(^{\circ }\) and 231/203\(^{\circ }\) at two orthogonal cutplanes at L5 and L2 GNSS bands, respectively. Firstly, the resonant modes \(TM_{110}\) and \(TM_{210}\) are excited inside a single layer oval patch antenna, where resonance frequencies are calculated using Mathieu functions. Meanwhile, it is shown that another version of the mode \(TM_{110}\) with similar distribution but orthogonal direction is excitable inside the same oval patch. Then, a second stacked oval patch layer is added, which splits the resonance frequency of each of the modes \(TM_{110}\) and \(TM_{210}\) into two different values. Depending on the probe feed position and the separation between the two layers, the phase shifts between modes versions in the upper and the lower layers change. Thus, by fine-tuning the probe feed position and the separation between layers, spatially-orthogonal with quadrature-phase-shift versions of the mode \(TM_{110}\) are obtained, producing a circularly polarized waves at L2 and L5 bands. Furthermore, sunlight shaped slots are etched into the upper and lower layer patches to fine tune the phase shifts between different modes versions, which enhances the overall axial-ratio beamwidth. Despite the simplicity of the overall structure and the feeding mechanism utilized in the proposed design, wide axial-ratio beamwidths are obtained, as compared to previous works. The proposed antenna shows low reflection coefficient values at 1.14–1.29 GHz (L2/L5), 1.45–1.6 GHz (L1), and 2.26–2.4 GHz (WiMAX). The antenna gains are 5.9, 5.6, 6, and 6.5 dBi/dBic at L5, L2, L1, and WiMAX bands, respectively. The half-power beamwidths are 99/96\(^{\circ }\), 102/96\(^{\circ }\), 112/85\(^{\circ }\), and 65/48\(^{\circ }\) at two orthogonal cutplanes at L5, L2, L1, and WiMAX bands, respectively.

本文提出了一种四波段堆叠椭圆贴片天线，其具有阳光形槽，支持 L1/L2/L5 GNSS 波段和 2.3 Ghz WiMAX 波段。该天线在 L5 和 L2 GNSS 的两个正交剖切面上产生右旋圆极化波，其宽轴比波束宽度为 223/216 \(^{\circ }\)和 231/203 \(^{\circ }\)乐队，分别。首先，谐振模式\(TM_{110}\)和\(TM_{210}\)在单层椭圆贴片天线内被激发，其中谐振频率使用 Mathieu 函数计算。同时，表明模式\(TM_{110}\)的另一个版本具有相似分布但正交方向在同一个椭圆形贴片内是可激发的。然后，添加第二个堆叠的椭圆形贴片层，它将每个模式\(TM_{110}\)和\(TM_{210}\)的共振频率分成两个不同的值。根据探针馈电位置和两层之间的间隔，上层和下层中模式版本之间的相移会发生变化。因此，通过微调探针馈电位置和层之间的分离，空间正交与模式\(TM_{110}\)的正交相移版本获得，在 L2 和 L5 波段产生圆极化波。此外，太阳光形状的槽被蚀刻到上层和下层贴片中，以微调不同模式版本之间的相移，从而增强整体轴比光束宽度。尽管在所提出的设计中使用的整体结构和馈电机制很简单，但与以前的工作相比，获得了宽轴比波束宽度。建议的天线在 1.14–1.29 GHz (L2/L5)、1.45–1.6 GHz (L1) 和 2.26–2.4 GHz (WiMAX) 显示出低反射系数值。在 L5、L2、L1 和 WiMAX 频段，天线增益分别为 5.9、5.6、6 和 6.5 dBi/dBic。半功率波束宽度为 99/96 \(^{\circ }\) , 102/96 \(^{\circ }\) , 112/85 \(^{\circ }\), 和 65/48 \(^{\circ }\)分别在 L5、L2、L1 和 WiMAX 频段的两个正交切面上。