Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention, with and without a height adjustable desk, on daily sitting time, and to investigate the relative effectiveness of the two interventions, and the effectiveness of both interventions on physical behaviours and physical, biochemical, psychological, and work related health and performance outcomes. Design Cluster three arm randomised controlled trial with follow-up at three and 12 months. Setting Local government councils in Leicester, Liverpool, and Greater Manchester, UK. Participants 78 clusters including 756 desk based employees in defined offices, departments, or teams from two councils in Leicester, three in Greater Manchester, and one in Liverpool. Interventions Clusters were randomised to one of three conditions: the SMART Work and Life (SWAL) intervention, the SWAL intervention with a height adjustable desk (SWAL plus desk), or control (usual practice). Main outcomes measures The primary outcome measure was daily sitting time, assessed by accelerometry, at 12 month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were accelerometer assessed sitting, prolonged sitting, standing and stepping time, and physical activity calculated over any valid day, work hours, workdays, and non-workdays, self-reported lifestyle behaviours, musculoskeletal problems, cardiometabolic health markers, work related health and performance, fatigue, and psychological measures. Results Mean age of participants was 44.7 years, 72.4% (n=547) were women, and 74.9% (n=566) were white. Daily sitting time at 12 months was significantly lower in the intervention groups (SWAL −22.2 min/day, 95% confidence interval −38.8 to −5.7 min/day, P=0.003; SWAL plus desk −63.7 min/day, −80.1 to −47.4 min/day, P<0.001) compared with the control group. The SWAL plus desk intervention was found to be more effective than SWAL at changing sitting time (−41.7 min/day, −56.3 to −27.0 min/day, P<0.001). Favourable differences in sitting and prolonged sitting time at three and 12 month follow-ups for both intervention groups and for standing time for the SWAL plus desk group were observed during work hours and on workdays. Both intervention groups were associated with small improvements in stress, wellbeing, and vigour, and the SWAL plus desk group was associated with improvements in pain in the lower extremity, social norms for sitting and standing at work, and support. Conclusions Both SWAL and SWAL plus desk were associated with a reduction in sitting time, although the addition of a height adjustable desk was found to be threefold more effective. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry [ISRCTN11618007][1]. Requests for access to data from the study should be sent to the corresponding author (ce95@le.ac.uk). The study protocol has been published. All proposals requesting data access will need to specify how the data will be used, and all proposals will need approval of the trial co-investigator team before data release. [1]: /external-ref?link_type=ISRCTN&access_num=ISRCTN11618007

中文翻译：

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减少办公室工作人员就坐时间和改善健康的干预措施的有效性：三臂集群随机对照试验

目的 评估有和没有高度可调节办公桌的干预措施对每日就坐时间的有效性，并调查两种干预措施的相对有效性，以及两种干预措施对身体行为和身体、生化、心理和工作相关的健康和绩效结果。设计集群三组随机对照试验，随访时间分别为 3 个月和 12 个月。在英国莱斯特、利物浦和大曼彻斯特设立地方政府委员会。参与者 78 个集群，包括来自莱斯特的两个理事会、大曼彻斯特的三个和利物浦的一个指定办公室、部门或团队的 756 名办公桌员工。干预集群被随机分配到三个条件之一：SMART工作和生活（SWAL）干预，使用高度可调节的办公桌（SWAL plus 办公桌）或控制（通常的做法）进行 SWAL 干预。主要结果测量 主要结果测量是在 12 个月的随访中通过加速度计评估的每日坐姿时间。次要结果是加速度计评估的坐姿、久坐、站立和踏步时间，以及在任何有效日期、工作时间、工作日和非工作日计算的身体活动、自我报告的生活方式行为、肌肉骨骼问题、心脏代谢健康指标、工作相关健康和表现、疲劳和心理测量。结果 参与者的平均年龄为 44.7 岁，72.4% (n=547) 为女性，74.9% (n=566) 为白人。干预组在 12 个月时的每日坐姿时间显着降低（SWAL -22.2 分钟/天，95% 置信区间 -38.8 至 -5.7 分钟/天，P=0.003；与对照组相比，SWAL plus 办公桌 -63.7 分钟/天，-80.1 至 -47.4 分钟/天，P<0.001）。SWAL 加课桌干预被发现在改变坐姿时比 SWAL 更有效（-41.7 分钟/天，-56.3 至 -27.0 分钟/天，P<0.001）。在工作时间和工作日观察到干预组和 SWAL 加课桌组在 3 个月和 12 个月随访中的坐姿和延长坐姿时间的有利差异。两个干预组都与压力、幸福感和活力的小幅改善有关，而 SWAL 加课桌组与下肢疼痛、工作时坐姿和站立的社会规范以及支持的改善有关。结论 SWAL 和 SWAL plus 办公桌都与减少就坐时间有关，尽管发现添加高度可调节的办公桌效率提高了三倍。试用注册 ISRCTN Registry [ISRCTN11618007][1]。访问研究数据的请求应发送给相应的作者 (ce95@le.ac.uk)。研究方案已发表。所有请求数据访问的提案都需要指定如何使用数据，并且所有提案都需要在数据发布之前获得试验联合研究团队的批准。[1]: /external-ref?link_type=ISRCTN&access_num=ISRCTN11618007 所有请求数据访问的提案都需要指定如何使用数据，并且所有提案都需要在数据发布之前获得试验联合研究团队的批准。[1]: /external-ref?link_type=ISRCTN&access_num=ISRCTN11618007 所有请求数据访问的提案都需要指定如何使用数据，并且所有提案都需要在数据发布之前获得试验联合研究团队的批准。[1]: /external-ref?link_type=ISRCTN&access_num=ISRCTN11618007