Effective on-road safety requires proper maintenance of vehicles. In the trucking sector in India, there is a need for supporting predictive maintenance to decrease downtime and improve safety. Improving maintenance in this sector involves certain challenges. First, most trucks are owned by small-scale fleet owners (trucks < 5). Second, maintenance is often handled by small-scale mechanic workshops. The fault diagnosis is very often limited to recognition by the driver and later reassessed by the mechanic by relying on the feel or the sound of the vehicle. Third, a majority of stakeholders in this sector—drivers, mechanics, and owners—have low levels of education. Despite these challenges, with the increase in the rate of digitalization, in the future, it will be easier to monitor the health of the parts of a truck. In addition, there is a developing trend of mobile phone and internet penetration in India that has leapfrogged a majority of Indians into becoming “emergent users” of information technology. Therefore, this article shows that sociotechnical approaches such as ecological interface design can be used to develop mobile interfaces for supporting predictive maintenance through health and usage monitoring of trucks for small-scale fleet owners in India. To develop the interface, a field study was conducted at several sites in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The insights were used to develop scenarios and the abstraction hierarchy, which were later used creatively to develop the interface design for emergent users.

中文翻译：

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生态界面设计和新兴用户：印度小型卡车运输生态设计

有效的道路安全需要对车辆进行适当的维护。在印度的卡车运输行业，需要支持预测性维护以减少停机时间并提高安全性。改善该部门的维护涉及某些挑战。首先，大多数卡车归小型车队所有者所有（卡车 < 5）。其次，维修通常由小型机修工场进行。故障诊断通常仅限于驾驶员的识别，然后由机械师根据车辆的感觉或声音重新评估。第三，该行业的大多数利益相关者——司机、机械师和车主——的教育水平较低。尽管存在这些挑战，但随着数字化速度的提高，未来将更容易监控卡车部件的健康状况。此外，印度的手机和互联网普及率呈发展趋势，使大多数印度人一跃成为信息技术的“新兴用户”。因此，本文表明，生态界面设计等社会技术方法可用于开发移动界面，通过对印度小型车队所有者的卡车健康和使用情况监控来支持预测性维护。为了开发界面，在印度泰米尔纳德邦的几个地点进行了实地研究。这些见解用于开发场景和抽象层次结构，后来创造性地用于为紧急用户开发界面设计。