Precise control of molecular hierarchical organization has endowed biological systems with unique functions, which inspires great efforts in the synthesis of artificial mimics. Polymeric single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with tunable microstructure and composition and distinct compartmentalization features are regarded as an ideal platform for biomimetic architectures. SCNPs represent an intermediate state between polymer and colloidal matter and are constructed by intramolecular crosslinking of linear polymers with tailored composition and topology. The microstructure of the SCNPs is broadly tunable from individual particle, to tadpole-shaped and dimer by using the polymers with different sequential distribution. It is noted that cyclic polymers are regarded as specific SCNPs with well-defined number of knotting (crosslinking). Functional composite hybrids are derived whose head and chain parts are greatly enriched in composition and microstructure via selective growth of functional materials or post-modification. Synergistic effects can emerge through hybridization of functionalities of the colloidal nanoparticles and characteristics of the polymer chains. These hybrids are attractive for applications such as the fabrication of novel superstructures that mimic catalytic functionalities of enzymes. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of SCNP based functional hybrid nanoparticles. Large-scale synthetic approaches of the hybrid nanoparticles are highlighted. The use of SCNP as platform for functional hybrid nanoparticles is subsequently illustrated by applications such as biomimetic catalysis, interfacial engineering and biomedicine.

分子层次组织的精确控制赋予了生物系统独特的功能，这激发了人工模拟物合成的巨大努力。具有可调微结构和组成以及独特的区室化特征的聚合物单链纳米粒子 (SCNP) 被认为是仿生结构的理想平台。SCNPs 代表聚合物和胶体物质之间的中间状态，由具有定制组成和拓扑结构的线性聚合物的分子内交联构成。通过使用具有不同顺序分布的聚合物，SCNPs 的微观结构可以从单个颗粒到蝌蚪形和二聚体进行广泛调整。值得注意的是，环状聚合物被视为具有明确定义的打结（交联）数量的特定 SCNP。通过功能材料的选择性生长或后改性。协同效应可以通过胶体纳米颗粒的功能和聚合物链的特性的杂交而出现。这些杂合体对于制造模拟酶催化功能的新型超结构等应用具有吸引力。本综述总结了基于 SCNP 的功能性杂化纳米粒子合成的最新进展。重点介绍了混合纳米粒子的大规模合成方法。随后通过仿生催化、界面工程和生物医学等应用说明了使用 SCNP 作为功能性混合纳米粒子的平台。