Recent reports have suggested that air pollution may impact thyroid function, although the evidence is still scarce and inconclusive. In this study we evaluated the association of exposure to air pollutants to thyroid function parameters in a nationwide sample representative of the adult population of Spain. The Di@bet.es study is a national, cross-sectional, population-based survey which was conducted in 2008-2010 using a random cluster sampling of the Spanish population. The present analyses included 3859 individuals, without a previous thyroid disease diagnosis, and with negative thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Abs) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of 0.1-20 mIU/L. Participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter <2.5μm (PM2.5) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), corresponding to the health examination year, obtained by means of modeling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry-transport model). TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and TPO Abs concentrations were analyzed using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Modular Analytics E170 Roche). In multivariate linear regression models, there was a highly significant negative correlation between PM2.5 concentrations and both FT4 (p<0.001), and FT3 levels (p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, there was a significant association between PM2.5 concentrations and the odds of presenting high TSH [OR 1.24 (1.01-1.52) p=0.043], lower FT4 [OR 1.25 (1.02-1.54) p=0.032] and low FT3 levels [1.48 (1.19-1.84) p=<0.001] per each IQR increase in PM2.5 (4.86 μg/m3). There was no association between NO2 concentrations and thyroid hormone levels. No significant heterogeneity was seen in the results between groups of men, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Exposures to PM2.5 in the general population were associated with mild alterations in thyroid function.

中文翻译：

---

西班牙成年人的环境空气污染和甲状腺功能。一项全国性的基于人群的研究（Di@bet.es 研究）

最近的报告表明，空气污染可能会影响甲状腺功能，尽管证据仍然稀缺且无定论。在这项研究中，我们在代表西班牙成年人口的全国样本中评估了暴露于空气污染物与甲状腺功能参数的关联。Di@bet.es 研究是一项全国性、横断面、基于人口的调查，于 2008-2010 年使用西班牙人口的随机整群抽样进行。目前的分析包括 3859 名个体，之前没有甲状腺疾病诊断，甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体 (TPO Abs) 和促甲状腺激素 (TSH) 水平为 0.1-20 mIU/L。参与者被分配空气污染浓度为<2.5μm的颗粒物（PM2.5）和二氧化氮（NO2），对应于健康检查年份，通过建模结合空气质量站的测量值获得（CHIMERE 化学-运输模型）。使用电化学发光免疫测定法 (Modular Analytics E170 Roche) 分析 TSH、游离甲状腺素 (FT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (FT3) 和 TPO Abs 浓度。在多元线性回归模型中，PM2.5 浓度与 FT4 (p<0.001) 和 FT3 水平 (p<0.001) 之间存在高度显着的负相关。在多元逻辑回归中，PM2.5 浓度与呈现高 TSH [OR 1.24 (1.01-1.52) p=0.043]、较低 FT4 [OR 1.25 (1.02-1.54) p=0.032] 和PM2.5 (4.86 μg/m3) 中每增加一个 IQR，FT3 水平就会降低 [1.48 (1.19-1.84) p=<0.001]。NO2 浓度与甲状腺激素水平之间没有关联。在男性、绝经前和绝经后女性组之间的结果中没有发现显着的异质性。一般人群中 PM2.5 的暴露与甲状腺功能的轻度改变有关。