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The strange history of surgical gloves in orthopaedic surgery (part I): from no gloves and no hand washing to the introduction of cotton gloves in orthopaedic surgery
International Orthopaedics ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05537-4
Philippe Hernigou 1
Affiliation  

Purpose

The goal was to evaluate the advent of surgical gloves during the eighteenth century, nineteenth century, and the beginning of the twentieth century.

Material and methods

We used first drawings and paintings, then historical photographs identified in books after 1830 (date of discovery of the photography) or in medical reports of surgery and anesthesiologists. The pictures determined the presence or absence of gloves in the period corresponding to the changing understanding of aseptic and antiseptic techniques proposed by Lister and Pasteur.

Results

There was an evolution of the material of gloves, but surgeons throughout time remained significantly opposed to gloves for a long period. Concerning materials, the caecum of a sheep, cotton, silk, leather, and crude rubber were used before the introduction of latex by Goodyear. For surgeons, gloves were introduced initially to protect theatre staff’s and surgeon hands from infection and not to protect the patient. Many surgeons contributed to the evolution of surgical gloves, and the use of gloves was an evolutionary process rather than a discovery. The probability that a surgeon had gloves on photographs was 0% in 1860–1870 (period of Lister and Pasteur), 5% in 1890, 28% in 1900, 42% in 1910, 48% in 1920, 58% in 1930, and 75% during the World Word II and reached 100% only in 1950.

Conclusion

While some reports suggest that by 1920, the use of gloves in surgery became routine practice, in reality, around 30% of trauma surgeons were not wearing gloves until 1939.



中文翻译:

骨科手术手套的怪史(上):从不戴手套不洗手到骨科引入棉手套

目的

目的是评估 18 世纪、19 世纪和 20 世纪初外科手套的出现。

材料与方法

我们首先使用素描和绘画,然后是在 1830 年(照片发现日期)之后的书籍中或手术和麻醉师的医学报告中确定的历史照片。这些图片确定了在与 Lister 和 Pasteur 提出的对无菌和防腐技术的理解变化相对应的时期内是否有手套。

结果

手套的材料发生了演变,但在很长一段时间内,外科医生一直强烈反对手套。关于材料,在固特异推出乳胶之前,使用了绵羊的盲肠、棉花、丝绸、皮革和粗橡胶。对于外科医生,最初引入手套是为了保护手术室工作人员和外科医生的手免受感染,而不是保护患者。许多外科医生为手术手套的发展做出了贡献,手套的使用是一个进化过程,而不是一个发现。外科医生在照片上戴手套的概率在 1860-1870 年(李斯特和巴斯德时期)为 0%,1890 年为 5%,1900 年为 28%,1910 年为 42%,1920 年为 48%,1930 年为 58%,以及在 World Word II 期间为 75%,直到 1950 年才达到 100%。

结论

虽然一些报告表明,到 1920 年,在手术中使用手套已成为常规做法,但实际上,大约 30% 的创伤外科医生直到 1939 年才戴手套。

更新日期:2022-08-17
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