Back-contact electrodes for hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) eliminate the parasitic absorption losses caused by the transparent conductive electrodes that are inherent to conventional sandwich-architecture devices. However, the fabrication methods for these unconventional architectures rely heavily on expensive photolithography, which limits scalability. Herein, we present an alternative cost-effective microfabrication technique in which the conventional photolithography process is replaced by microsphere lithography in which a close-packed polystyrene microsphere monolayer acts as the patterning mask for the honeycomb-shaped electrodes. A comprehensive comparison between photolithography and microsphere lithography fabrication techniques was conducted. Using microsphere lithography, we achieve highly efficient devices having a stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.6%, twice the reported value using photolithography. Microsphere lithography also enabled the fabrication of the largest back-contact PSC to date, having an active area of 0.75 cm² and a stabilized PCE of 2.44%.

用于混合有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 的背接触电极消除了由传统夹层结构器件固有的透明导电电极引起的寄生吸收损失。然而，这些非常规架构的制造方法严重依赖昂贵的光刻技术，这限制了可扩展性。在这里，我们提出了另一种具有成本效益的微细加工技术，其中传统的光刻工艺被微球光刻取代，其中紧密堆积的聚苯乙烯微球单层充当蜂窝状电极的图案掩模。对光刻和微球光刻制造技术进行了全面比较。使用微球光刻，我们实现了具有 8.6% 的稳定功率转换效率 (PCE) 的高效器件，是使用光刻技术报告值的两倍。微球光刻还能够制造迄今为止最大的背接触 PSC，其有效面积为 0.75 cm²和稳定的 PCE 为 2.44%。