Based on the multi-body dynamics a three-dimensional train collision model including a coupler-buffer substructure is established in this paper. During the train collision, the dynamic responses of coupler-buffer substructure are comprehensively analysed. Some key parameters, such as the coupler initial deflection angle, max-angle, friction force at the arc contact surface and buffer impedance force, are investigated and their effects on the train derailment are also evaluated. The simulation results indicate that during a train collision the longitudinal impact force is so large that the coupler-buffer device reveals a weak ability to anti-jackknifing. As a result, in some cases the coupler rotation angle is very large and equal to its designed max-angle. Under the effect of this large coupler rotation angle, the collided trains have a risk to derail. In order to improve the collided train’s safety against derailment, a high friction force at the coupler arc contact surface and a low coupler max-angle are suggested.

基于多体动力学，本文建立了一种包含车钩缓冲子结构的三维列车碰撞模型。综合分析了列车碰撞过程中车钩-缓冲器子结构的动力响应。研究了车钩初始偏转角、最大角度、弧形接触面摩擦力和缓冲阻抗力等关键参数，并评估了它们对列车脱轨的影响。仿真结果表明，在列车碰撞过程中，纵向冲击力过大，以至于车钩缓冲装置的抗冲击能力较弱。结果，在某些情况下，耦合器旋转角度非常大，等于其设计的最大角度。在这个大的耦合器旋转角度的作用下，相撞的火车有脱轨的风险。为提高相撞列车防脱轨的安全性，建议在车钩弧形接触面上提高摩擦力，降低车钩最大角度。