Bacterial spores have been applied to develop self-healing cementitious composites, while protections of endospores in concrete are required. Herein, one reinforced calcium alginate hydrogel with a protective shell was designed to encapsulate bacterial spores. The hydrogels were reinforced by highly dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated with polydopamine, which led to more spherical shaped hydrogels, hence calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement can be uniformly coated on the hydrogels to form the protective shell. With the reinforcement of CNTs and the coating of CSA cement, the hydrogels were conducive to germination, growth and activities of bacteria even after the hydrogels endured long-term exposure to strongly alkaline and calcium concentrated solution. Due to these positive effects of the modified hydrogels on spores, concrete with spores encapsulated in the modified hydrogels obtained enhanced self-healing performance in terms of crack width and permeability reductions as more biological mediated calcium carbonate was precipitated within cracks.

细菌孢子已被用于开发自修复水泥复合材料，同时需要保护混凝土中的内生孢子。在此，一种具有保护壳的强化海藻酸钙水凝胶被设计用于包裹细菌孢子。水凝胶由高度分散的碳纳米管增强（CNT）涂有聚多巴胺，这导致更多的球形水凝胶，因此硫铝酸钙（CSA）水泥可以均匀地涂在水凝胶上以形成保护壳。通过碳纳米管的增强和CSA水泥的涂层，即使水凝胶长期暴露于强碱和钙浓溶液中，水凝胶也有利于细菌的萌发、生长和活动。由于改性水凝胶对孢子的这些积极影响，孢子包裹在改性水凝胶中的混凝土在裂缝宽度和渗透性降低方面获得了增强的自修复性能，因为更多的生物介导的碳酸钙在裂缝中沉淀。