Stakeholders play a dominant role in shaping ecosystems and driving current environmental management; thus, social networks of stakeholders should be cleared up for ecosystem governance to maintain the ecosystem services and sustainable development. Based on the field survey and questionnaires, we constructed a social network framework for coastal wetland conservation and took the Yellow River Delta (YRD) as an example. We further explored the stakeholder network structure and function and took ecosystem service perceptions as an application by stakeholders impacting coastal wetland conservation. In this case study, we identified a non-cohesive network with low density and high centrality. Among all these stakeholders, provincial government (PGov), municipal government (MGov), and educational institutions (Edu) have high module-to-module participation (MP) scores with other organizations, indicating that they connect others tightly in the network. The main relationships between different stakeholder groups were concentrated in information sharing (79%), production-consumption (14%), and administrative management (7%) relationships, of which the information sharing relationships have a stronger correlation with productivity in the Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) test. We also found that support and regulation services were of the most concern for the ecosystem services perception of stakeholders. Based on our findings, improving the closeness among relevant stakeholder groups, optimizing their overall relationships, and enhancing the protection of ecosystem services are greatly needed to benefit ecosystem conservation.

利益相关者在塑造生态系统和推动当前的环境管理方面发挥着主导作用；因此，应为生态系统治理清理利益相关者的社会网络，以维护生态系统服务和可持续发展。基于实地调查和问卷调查，我们构建了滨海湿地保护社会网络框架，并以黄河三角洲（YRD）为例。我们进一步探索了利益相关者网络的结构和功能，并将生态系统服务感知作为利益相关者影响滨海湿地保护的应用。在本案例研究中，我们确定了一个低密度和高中心性的非内聚网络。在所有这些利益相关者中，省政府 (PGov)、市政府 (MGov)、和教育机构 (Edu) 与其他组织的模块间参与度 (MP) 得分较高，这表明它们与网络中的其他组织紧密相连。不同利益相关者群体之间的主要关系集中在信息共享（79%）、生产-消费（14%）和行政管理（7%）关系，其中信息共享关系与二次分配中的生产力相关性更强程序（QAP）测试。我们还发现，支持和监管服务是利益相关者对生态系统服务感知最关心的问题。根据我们的调查结果，提高相关利益相关者群体之间的亲密度，优化他们的整体关系，