Journal of Cleaner Production ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133303 Adetunji Onigbajumo, Priyanka Swarnkar, Geoffrey Will, Thirumalachari Sundararajan, Alireza Taghipour, Sara Couperthwaite, Ted Steinberg, Thomas Rainey
Thermochemical water splitting (TCWS) is an attractive and promising approach for hydrogen fuel production to replace fossil fuels and address climate change. The novel approach used in this study is the indirect irradiation of the ceria particle with solar-heated nitrogen in a fluidized bed reactor which improved the ceria thermo-reduction and increased hydrogen yield. The TCWS plant featured additional units for oxygen co-production, and excess heat recovery to generate electricity and reduce the saleable hydrogen price. Two fluidized bed reactors for ceria thermo-reduction and oxidation using steam were modelled in Aspen Plus for hydrogen production at a 70% capacity factor. A photovoltaic (PV)-battery module in addition to the solar parabolic dish collector (PDC) was then used to deliver operation-round electricity supply and drive mechanical and control systems, reducing overall plant energy cost. Three minimum selling prices of hydrogen were considered based on the achievable products of the TCWS plant: (i) pricing based on no co-products, (ii) pricing including oxygen revenue, and (iii) pricing including oxygen and electricity revenue. The TCWS plant achieved a minimum selling price (MSP) of 3.92 USD/kg H2 (including oxygen and electricity revenue) at a 10% discount rate which is the lowest for solar-driven TCWS hydrogen compared with other similar studies. Sensitivity analyses showed that discount rate, steam Rankine cycle, power block, cost of ceria and hydrogen storage, and price of oxygen, respectively, had the highest impact on the MSP of the TCWS hydrogen plant. The switch value analysis (SVA) was used to determine the potential of achieving the global target hydrogen price of 2 USD/kg based on a single parameter assessment. The TCWS plant proposed in this work provides a promising approach toward achieving future hydrogen prices below 2 USD/kg when a lower discount rate of 5% is utilised. It was established that the choice and size of concentrated solar power (CSP) technology integration, co-generation, and heat recovery are critical to the system efficiency and economic viability of a solar-driven TCWS hydrogen production. This work demonstrated the use of ceria as a metal oxide feed suitable for solar TCWS hydrogen production with a promising economic potential for a global target price of less than 2 USD/kg H2 based on the choice of process-CSP configuration.
中文翻译:
太阳能驱动二氧化铈热化学水分解在流化床反应器中制氢的技术经济评价
热化学水分解 (TCWS) 是一种有吸引力且有前途的氢燃料生产方法,可替代化石燃料并应对气候变化。本研究中使用的新方法是在流化床反应器中用太阳能加热的氮气间接照射二氧化铈颗粒,从而改善二氧化铈热还原并增加氢气产量。TCWS 工厂配备了额外的氧气联产装置,以及余热回收以发电并降低可销售的氢气价格。在 Aspen Plus 中模拟了两个使用蒸汽进行二氧化铈热还原和氧化的流化床反应器,用于以 70% 的容量系数生产氢气。除太阳能外的光伏 (PV) 电池模块然后使用抛物面碟形收集器 (PDC) 提供运行期间的电力供应并驱动机械和控制系统,从而降低工厂的整体能源成本。根据 TCWS 工厂可实现的产品,考虑了氢气的三个最低销售价格:(i)基于无副产品的定价,(ii)包括氧气收入的定价,以及(iii)包括氧气和电力收入的定价。TCWS 工厂以 10% 的折扣率实现了 3.92 美元/kg H 2 (包括氧气和电力收入)的最低销售价格 (MSP),这是太阳能驱动的 TCWS 氢气与其他类似研究相比最低的。敏感性分析表明贴现率、蒸汽朗肯循环、功率块、二氧化铈和储氢成本和氧气价格分别对 TCWS 制氢厂的 MSP 影响最大。开关值分析 (SVA) 用于确定基于单一参数评估实现全球目标氢价格 2 美元/公斤的潜力。当使用 5% 的较低贴现率时,这项工作中提出的 TCWS 工厂为实现未来氢价格低于 2 美元/公斤提供了一种有前景的方法。已经确定,聚光太阳能(CSP) 技术集成、热电联产和热回收的选择和规模对于太阳能驱动的 TCWS 制氢的系统效率和经济可行性至关重要。这项工作证明了使用二氧化铈作为适用于太阳能 TCWS 制氢的金属氧化物进料具有良好的经济潜力,基于工艺 CSP 配置的选择,全球目标价格低于 2 美元/千克 H 2 。