We classify the dynamic patterns that emerge in charging or discharging of Li-ion batteries, under galvanostatic conditions, using simulations of the two-phase one-dimensional (1D) porous electrode model. This work examines the effect of the exchange current function, R₀(X), which expresses the nature of kinetics. This extends our previous study with R₀ = 1 where the same pattern emerges in charging or discharging, whether as a homogeneous or a step-wise process made of multiple symmetry breaking events. With commonly-used asymmetric R₀(X), the emerging patterns may be one of the two above or as fronts that follow single SB event and the lithiation/delithiation behaviors are different. These effects are clear when parameters are uniform; nonuniformity leads to noise that mask the behavior. The full four-variable model exhibits SB, even in absence of noise, since the liquid potential gradient (${\varphi }_l$) works like a perturbation. This similarity allows us to derive approximations to the full model behavior.

中文翻译：

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锂离子电池充放电时空模式分类

我们使用两相一维 (1D) 多孔电极模型的模拟，对恒电流条件下锂离子电池充电或放电中出现的动态模式进行分类。这项工作检验了交换电流函数R ₀ ( X )的影响，它表达了动力学的性质。这扩展了我们之前对R ₀ = 1的研究 ，其中相同的模式出现在充电或放电中，无论是作为均匀过程还是由多个对称性破坏事件组成的逐步过程。与常用的不对称R ₀ ( X)，新出现的模式可能是上述两种模式之一，或者作为跟随单个 SB 事件的前沿，并且锂化/脱锂行为是不同的。当参数统一时，这些效果很明显；不均匀性会导致掩盖行为的噪音。即使在没有噪声的情况下，完整的四变量模型也表现出 SB，因为液体势梯度（${\phi }_{升}$) 就像一个扰动。这种相似性使我们能够推导出完整模型行为的近似值。