Despite progress made toward increasing women's interest and involvement in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), women continue to be underrepresented and experience less equity and inclusion in some STEM fields. In this article, I review the psychological literature relevant to understanding and mitigating women's lower fit and inclusion in STEM. Person-level explanations concerning women's abilities, interests, and self-efficacy are insufficient for explaining these persistent gaps. Rather, women's relatively lower interest in male-dominated STEM careers such as computer science and engineering is likely to be constrained by gender stereotypes. These gender stereotypes erode women's ability to experience self-concept fit, goal fit, and/or social fit. Such effects occur independently of intentional interpersonal biases and discrimination, and yet they create systemic barriers to women's attraction to, integration in, and advancement in STEM. Dismantling these systemic barriers requires a multifaceted approach to changing organizational and educational cultures at the institutional, interpersonal, and individual level.

中文翻译：

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STEM 中的性别包容和契合度

尽管在提高女性对科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 的兴趣和参与方面取得了进展，但女性在某些 STEM 领域的代表性仍然不足，且公平性和包容性较低。在本文中，我回顾了与理解和缓解女性在 STEM 中较低的适应度和包容性相关的心理学文献。关于女性能力、兴趣和自我效能的个人层面的解释不足以解释这些持续存在的差距。相反，女性对计算机科学和工程等男性主导的 STEM 职业的兴趣相对较低，这可能是受到性别刻板印象的限制。这些性别刻板印象削弱了女性体验自我概念契合度、目标契合度和/或社会契合度的能力。这种影响的发生与故意的人际偏见和歧视无关，但它们对女性吸引、融入 STEM 和在 STEM 领域的进步造成了系统性障碍。消除这些系统性障碍需要采取多方面的方法来改变机构、人际和个人层面的组织和教育文化。